职称英语理工类C级真题阅读理解共11页Word下载.docx

职称英语理工类C级真题阅读理解共11页Word下载.docx

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reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?

Doesitincreasebloodpressure?

Doesithelpyouconcentrate?

However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.

　　Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（树冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土长的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.

　　Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.

　　Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.

　　Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"

shadegrown"

and"

birdfriendly."

Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'

repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'

sworthit.

　　31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.

　　B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.

　　C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.

　　D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.

　　32.Thefunctionoftheword"

Traditionally"

inParagraph2istoshow_____.

　　A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.

　　B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.

　　C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.

　　D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe

　　33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?

　　A.Moreinsects.

　　B.Betterqualitycoffee.

　　C.Largerfarms.

　　D.Higherprofits.

　　34.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?

　　A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.

　　B.Theycutdowntrees.

　　C.Theymovetoanothercountry.

　　D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.

　　35.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT_____fullsun

　　A.insects.

　　B.air.

　　C.birds.

　　D.humans

Soot（煤烟灰）andSnow:

aHotCombination

　　NewresearchfromNASAscientistssuggestsemissionsofblacksootafterthewaysunlightreflectsoffsnow.Accordingtoacomputersimulation,blacksootmayberesponsiblefor25percentofobservedglobalwarmingoverthepastcentury.

　　Sootinthehigherlatitudes（维度）oftheEarth,whereiceismorecommon,absorbsmoreofthesun'

senergyandwarmththananicy,whitebackground.Dark-coloredblackcarbon,orsoot,absorbssunlight,whilelightercoloredicereflectssunlight.

　　Sootinareaswithsnowandicemayplayanimportantroleinclimatechange.Also,ifsnowandicecoveredareasbeginmelting,thewarmingeffectincrease,asthesootbecomesmoreconcentratedonthesnowsurface."

Thisprovidesapositivefeedback,asglaciersandicesheetsmelt,theytendtogetevendirtier."

saidDr.JamesHansen,aresearcheratNASA'

sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies,NewYork.

　　Hansenfoundsoot'

seffectonsnowalbedo（反照率）,whichmaybecontributingtotrendstowardearlyspringsintheNorthernHemisphere,suchasthinningArcticseaiceandmeltingglacierspermafrost.Sootalsoisbelievedtoplayaroleinchangesintheatmosphereabovetheoceansandland.

　　"

Blackcarbonreducestheamountofenergyreflectedbysnowbackintospace,thusheadingthesnowsurfacemorethaniftherewerenoblackcarbon,"

Hansensaid.Soot'

sincreasedabsorptionofsolarenergyisespeciallyeffectiveinwarmingtheworld'

sclimate."

Thisforcingisunusuallyeffective,causingtwiceasmuchglobalwarmingasacarbon-dioxideforcingofthesamemagnitude."

Hansennoted.

　　Hansencautioned,althoughtheroleofsootinalteringglobalclimateissubstantial,itdoesnotalterthefactthatgreenhousegasesaretheprimarycauseofclimatewarmingduringthepastcentury.Suchgasesareexpectedtobithelargestclimateforcingfortherestofthecentury.

　　TheresearchersfoundthatobservedwarmingintheNorthernHermispherewaslargeinthewinterandspringatmiddleandhighlatitudes.Theseobservationswerecoherentwiththeresearchers'

climatemodelsituations,whichshowedsomeofthelargestwarmingeffectsoccurredwhentherewereheavysnowcoverandsufficientsunlight.

　　36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsofs