虚拟语气的用法Word格式.docx
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Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,therewouldhavebeenmanydeaths.
3)表示与将来事实相反:
Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.
Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.
Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
例如:
Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'
sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)
5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:
①从句省略if,用倒装句式"
were,had,should+主语"
。
WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。
Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.
2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1)"
wish+宾语从句"
表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"
可惜……"
、"
……就好了"
悔不该……"
但愿……"
等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;
表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"
would(could)+动词原形"
;
表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"
had+过去分词"
或"
(could)would+have+过去分词"
Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.
Iwishyoutoldmeearlier.
Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.
2)虚拟语气在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中,用"
(should)+动词原形"
Isuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.
Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.
insist作"
力言"
强调"
解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
只有当insist作"
坚持(应该)"
解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.
Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.
3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句做advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"
Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.
Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.
4.虚拟语气用于以asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;
表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"
表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"
would(might,could)+动词原形"
HelookedatmeasifIweremad.
HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.
Itlooksasifitmightrain.
但asif(asthough)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。
Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.
5.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"
should+动词原形"
的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。
Itisnecessary(important,natural,desirable,advisable,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.
Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.
Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"
应该"
竟然"
可以省去,但不可换用would。
主句所用动词的时态不限。
这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。
Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.
Itisapitythatyoucan'
tswim.
SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气
(一)
--Usedin“if”clause
语气(Mood)分三种:
直陈语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议。
“if”引导的条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。
1.真实条件句所表示的假设
1)不随时间而改变的自然法则和客观真理
2)可能发生或实现的:
if后面的从句用一般现在时,主句用祈使语气或情态动词.
2.非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能发生或不大可能实现的:
时态共分两种情况。
If引导的从句主句
A.与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式一律用were)主语+would+动词原形
B.与将来事实相反If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式一律用were)主语+would+动词原形
C.与过去事实相反If+主语+had+动词过去分词主语+would+have+过去分词
Exercises:
1.与现在或将来相反
Ifyou…youwould…
wereChairmanHu
wereBush
couldchooseaplaceforyourhouse
wonalotteryof5million
yourchildwereaddictedtocomputergames
cameacrossablackoutinalift
2.与过去相反
Writeconditionalsbasedonthefollowingfacts.
1)Shedidn’ttakethemedicine,soshefeltcarsick.
2)Becausethesunwasintherightdirection,thephotoscameoutverywell.
3)Theshopdidn’tpackthegoodsproperly,sotheygotdamaged.
4)Thegovernmentraisedtaxes,sotheywereveryunpopular.
5)Hewasn’tabletoanswerallthequestions,sohedidn’tpasstheexamination.
6)Hedidn’tpasstheexamination,sohedidn’tgototheuniversity.
7)Wedidn’tgetthereontime,sowefoundthedoorslockedinourfaces.
8)Shedidn’tseeCurseoftheGoldenFlower,soshedidn’tunderstandwhatIsaid.
3.Multiplechoices
1.Whatwillwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.snowB.wouldsnowC.snowsD.willsnow
2.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.wouldn’thavemadeD.mighthavemade
3._____toseethedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.
A.IfhewentB.IfhegoneC.IfhehasgoneD.Ifhehadgone