江苏省专转本英语真题以及答案文档格式.docx

江苏省专转本英语真题以及答案文档格式.docx

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Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuchobstruction.Soundtravelsattherateofaboutone-fifthofmilepersecond.Ifthehilliselevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsforthesoundtotravelothehillandback.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection（theecho）,youcanestimatethedistancetoanobstruction.

Duringwordwar2theBritishusedapracticalapplicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlongbeforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAirForce（RAF）alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttimeandnevertobesurprised.ItwasradioechoesmorethananythingelsethatwontheBattleofBritain.

SincetheradiowaveswereusedtotellthedirectioninwhichtosendtheRAFplanesandthedistancetosendthem（theirrangeofflight,inotherwords）,thedevicewascalledradiodirectingandranging,andfromtheinitialsthewordradarwascoined.（filescomefrom）

1.Soundwavesreflectedfromahillcanbeusedtoestimatethe.

A.heigtofthehillB.speedofsound

C.distancetothehillD.intensiteofsound

2.Practicalapplicationsofthisprinciplesresultedin.

A.Newelectronicinstrumentsforplanes

B.Aradiodirectingandrangingdevice

C.NewradiosetsforRAFbombers

D.Anelectronicdetectingdevice

3.RadarenabledtheEnglishto.

A.DetectGermanplanesontheirwaytoLondon

B.DirecttheoutnumberedRAFplaneseffectively

C.ConfuseGermanbomberpilots

D.BothAandB

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.Lightwavescouldbeusedinadevicesimilartoradar

B.Radarwasapracticalapplicationofawell-knownprinciple

C.RadargreatlyincreasedtheeffectivenessoftheRoyalAirForce

D.Soundwavesarereflectedfromahillsideunderallconditions

5.Theauthorofthispassageprobablyintendedtoexplain

A.Exactlyhowradarworks

B.WhytheBritishusedradiowavesintheirdevice

C.Howradar（workanddevice）cametobe

D.HowradarhelpedtheBritishwintheBattleofBritain

PassageTwo

Ingeneral,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.TheycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicsthandidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry（三角学）,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,aqueducts（渠道）,andpublicbuildings.

Theyknewaboutthesmeltingofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears,swords,andshields,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.

WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Becauseoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.

TherearetworeasonsfortheRomansneglectofphilosophyandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthemintoarapidlygrowingempiretowastetimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicapped（妨碍）bytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.（TrytomultiplyXIbyLVIIortodivideCXLIIIbyIX;

itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.）TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemoderncomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.

6.TheauthorcallstheRomans“practical”becausethey

A.Caredlittleaboutphilosophy

B.Appliedtheirknowledgetoconstruction

C.Sawthenecessityfordevelopingtheoreticalscience

D.Studiedthepastandlearnedfromit

7.TheancientRomansdidnotconcernthemselveswith

A.TheoreticalorabstractthoughtB.appliedmathematics

C.StudyingD.eitherAorC

8.Inconstruction,theRomansmadeextensiveuseof

A.IronoreB.peometryandtrigonometry

C.StudyingD.bothBandC

9.ManyRomansinventionswerebasedonGreekweaponsbecausethe

A.Greekshadsuperiorweapons

Bromineswereinvolvedinfrequentwars

C.Romanswerenotfamiliarwithmanytypesofweapons

D.Greekprovedhimselforherselfinspiredinventor

10.Theauthorofthispassageprobablywantedtoexplainwhy

A.HeconsiderstheRomansapracticalpeople

B.Romanwereinvolvedinfrequentwars

C.Theoreticalthinkingisnecessaryfirthegrowthofanation

D.TheRomanscontributedlittletophilosophicalthought

PassageThree

ProfessorBarryWellmanifUniversityofTorontoinCanadahasinventedatermtodescribethewaymanyNorthAmericansinteractsthesedays.Thetermtohaveoppositemeanings