《语用与交际》练习测试题库及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

《语用与交际》练习测试题库及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Averycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.

3.Whatisthegesturaluseofplacedeixis?

Iftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse.

4.Howdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaning?

Itexplainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.

5.Howmanymaximsarethereinco-operativeprinciple?

Andwhatarethey?

Four.Theyarequalitymaxim,quantitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.

6.Whoinventedtheterm“Pragmatics”?

CharlesMorris,anAmericanphilosopher

7.Whatarethethreesub-branchesofsemiotics?

Theyaresyntactics,semanticsandpragmatics

8.WhatisCarnap’sunderstandingof“Pragmatics”?

BasicallyCarnapunderstandsPragmaticsaswhatMorrishaspointedout,butspecificallyspeaking,CarnapthinksthatPragmaticsshouldstudyindexicalsinlanguage.

9.WhatistheadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?

Oneadvantageofstudyinglanguagethroughpragmaticsisthatwecantalkaboutpeople’sintendedmeanings,theirassumptions,theirpurposesorgoals,andallkindsofactions（forexample,requests）thattheyareperformingwhentheyspeak.

10.IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

PragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.

11.Whypragmatistsstudymotionverbunderplacedeixis?

Becausemotionverbscontainakindofbuilt-indirection

12.Whydon’tpeoplesaywhattheymeanincommunication?

Becausetheywanttobeco-operative,politeandsavetheirownandother’sface.

13.WhatdoesCPstandforinPragmatics?

InPragmatics,CPstandsforco-operativeprinciple.

14.Whatispositiveface?

Positivefaceistheneedtobelikedbyothers,ortheneedtobeacceptedandtreatedassocialequals.

15.Whatisonrecord?

Onrecordisatechnicalterm,referringtoutterancesnotdirectlyaddressedtoothers.

16.WhatisthedisadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?

Onebigdisadvantageofpragmaticstudyisthatalltheseconceptsrelatedtohumanbeingsareextremelydifficulttoanalyzeinaconsistentandobjectiveway.

17.IssemanticmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

No.SemanticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.

18.Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase“Jane’scar”?

PossibleinterpretationsarethecarownedbyJane,thecarkeptbyJane,thecarrentedbyJaneetc.

19.Istimepartofcontext?

Yes.Timeispartofcontext

20.Whatisthegeneralroleofpersonaldeixisincommunication?

Itsroleistoindicatewhoparticipatesincommunication

21.IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

PragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure

22.Whatistheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterances?

Theroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstanding.

23.Whatkindofrelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext?

24.Howdoyouunderstandgesturaluseofplacedeixis?

Iftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse

25.Howdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaning?

II.Explainthefollowingtermsbriefly.（每题4分）

1.inference

2.linguisticcontext

3.Pragmatics

4.appropriacy

5.indirectmeaning

6.politeness

7.facewants

8.non-linguisticcontext

9.deixis

10.conversationalimplicature

11.context

12.co-operativeprinciple

13.presupposition

14.calendricuseoftimedeixis

答案：

1.Inferencemeansthatweofteninferormakeguessesastowhatthespeakerintendstomeanwhenhesayssomething?

2.Itreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis.

3.Pragmaticsstudiesthefactorsthatgovernourchoiceoflanguageinsocialinteractionandtheeffectsofourchoiceonothers.

4.Appropriacymeansthatpeopleshouldsaytherightthingtotherightpersonwiththerightmannerattherightplaceandintherightsituation.

5.Indirectmeaningisthemeaningthatpeopleintendtoconvey.Itisalsotermedasthecommunicativemeaningorcontextualmeaning.

6.Politenessisshowingawarenessofother’spublicself-image.Usuallypolitenesscanbeunderstoodasvariousmeansthatpeopleuseineithersituationsofsocialclosenessorsituationsofsocialdistance.

7.Facewantsrefertoone’sfaceexpectations.Normallypeopleexpectthatotherswillrespec