新概念英语第四册第十五单元语法和句型教学用.docx
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新概念英语第四册第十五单元语法和句型教学用
新概念英语第四册第十五单元语法和句型
Lesson15Secrecyinindustry工业中的秘密
Twofactorsweighheavilyagainsttheeffectivenessofscientificinindustry.Oneisthegeneralatmosphereofsecrecyinwhichitiscarriedout,theotherthelackoffreedomoftheindividualresearchworker.Insofarasanyinquiryisasecretone,itnaturallylimitsallthoseengagedincarryingitoutfromeffectivecontactwiththeirfellowscientistseitherinothercountriesorinuniversities,oreven,oftenenough,inotherdepartmentsofthesamefirm.Thedegreeofsecrecynaturallyvariesconsiderably.Someofthebiggerfirmsareengagedinresearcheswhichareofsuchgeneralandfundamentalnaturethatitisapositiveadvantagetothemnottokeepthemsecret.Yetagreatmanyprocessesdependingonsuchresearcharesoughtforwithcompletesecrecyuntilthestageatwhichpatentscanbetakenout.Evenmoreprocessesareneverpatentedatallbutkeptassecretprocesses.Thisappliesparticularlytochemicalindustries,wherechancediscoveriesplayamuchlargerpartthantheydoinphysicalandmechanicalindustries.Sometimesthesecrecygoestosuchanextentthatthewholenatureoftheresearchcannotbementioned.Manyfirms,forinstance,havegreatdifficultyinobtainingtechnicalorscientificbooksfromlibrariesbecausetheyareunwillingtohavetheirnamesenteredashavingtakenoutsuchandsuchabookforfeartheagentsofotherfirmsshouldbeabletotracethekindofresearchtheyarelikelytobeundertaking.(NCEBookFour)
【语法点】平行结构句第二分句中的省略
【课文原句】Oneisthegeneralatmosphereofsecrecyinwhichitiscarriedout,theotherthelackoffreedomoftheindividualresearchworker.
【闯关例句】
我们的教室在二楼,他们的在三楼。
Ourclassroomisonthesecondfloorandtheirs,thethirdfloor.
她教中学,她的丈夫教大学。
teaches
布景很漂亮,演技也很好。
Settingisbeautiful,andtheacting,good
Scenery
读书使人知识渊博;谈论使人处事机敏;写作使人判断精准。
(FrancisBacon)
readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.
有些书宜浅尝;有些书宜狼吞;有些则宜细嚼之后消化之。
(FrancisBacon)
somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowedandsomefewertobechewedanddigested.
人欺我一次,此人可耻;欺我两次,我可耻。
Ifamancheatsmeonce,shameonhim;iftwice,shameonme.
如果你是主人,偶尔要装瞎;如果是佣人,偶尔要装聋。
Ifyouareamaster,sometimesbeblind;ifaservant,sometimesbedeaf.
有一个星期一我们进行了检查。
詹妮在白天,我是在下班以后。
OnoneMondaywewentthroughthetest.JennyhadhersinthedayandImineafterthework
检验黄金者炉火,检验女人者黄金,检验男人者女人。
Theproofofgoldisfire;theproofofwomen,goldandtheproofofmen,women.
他是1989年的冠军,而鲍勃是1990年的冠军。
汤姆学历史,我则学电脑。
TommajorsinhistoryandIincomputer
【语法点】either…or引出的平行结构
【课文原句】Insofarasanyinquiryisasecretone,itnaturallylimitsallthoseengagedincarryingitoutfromeffectivecontactwiththeirfellowscientistseitherinothercountriesorinuniversities,oreven,oftenenough,inotherdepartmentsofthesamefirm.
【闯关例句】
Instead,wemustrelyeitheronsupplementarytextandimages,ormostoftenonpreviousknowledgeandexperience________(或者更常用到的是以前的知识和体验).
Engineersmaywanttounderstandtheinnerworkings,butmostusersdonothavethiskindofdesireortime________(没有这种渴望,也没有时间).
Theselectionausermakesonthemenu________(要么立即生效,要么会调出一个对话框).
Eithertakesimmediateeffectorcallsupadialogbox
【语法点】such…that…引出的结果状语从句
【课文原句】
(1)Someofthebiggerfirmsareengagedinresearcheswhichareofsuchgeneralandfundamentalnaturethatitisapositiveadvantagetothemnottokeepthemsecret.
(2)Sometimesthesecrecygoestosuchanextentthatthewholenatureoftheresearchcannotbementioned.
【闯关例句】
such…that…引导四种不同的句子结构:
1.sucha(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句。
例如:
这是一本很好的书,我们大家都喜欢读一读。
天气这么好,没有人愿意呆在家里不出去。
这是一部很有意思的电影,我看了两次。
2.such+形容词+复数名词+that从句。
例如:
他的胳膊很长,几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
他们都是很好的学生,老师喜欢他们。
3.such+(形容词)+不可数名词+that从句,例如:
这本书是用简单的英语写成的,连初学者都能看懂。
昨天天气很好,我们去游泳了。
Suchfineweather
4.one(no,any,all,many,some,several,等)+such+可数名词+that从句。
例如:
有这么多的好书,我无法决定选择哪一本。
关于这个短语,他举了好几个这样的例句,我们终于完全弄懂了。
Thedamagewassuchthatitwouldcosttoomuchmoneytorepair.损坏得很严重,要用很多钱才能修好。
Hiskindnesswassuchthatwewillneverforgethim.他待人那么厚道,我们永远不会忘记他。
Hisbehaviorwassuchthateveryonedislikedhim.他的行为太不象话,(以致)谁都讨厌他。
Theweatherissuchthatwehadbetternotplantouttheflowersforsometime.这样的天气,我们还是暂缓把花移种出去。
【语法点】连词forfearthat的用法
【课文原句】Manyfirms,forinstance,havegreatdifficultyinobtainingtechnicalorscientificbooksfromlibrariesbecausetheyareunwillingtohavetheirnamesenteredashavingtakenoutsuchandsuchabookforfeartheagentsofotherfirmsshouldbeabletotracethekindofresearchtheyarelikelytobeundertaking.
【闯关例句】
incase
forfear(that)shouldmight
lest
subjunctivemood
Hejottedtheaddressdownforfear(that)__________(以免忘记).
Becarefulforfear(that)__________(不要被误会了).
Motherforbadetheboystowrestle__________(怕他们撕破衣服).
Heworkedhard__________(惟恐被老板解雇).
Hesawhiswifeandchildrenseldom,__________(担心他们会为了他而受牵连).
Shutthewindow__________(恐怕会下雨).
Whentheymakesomesmallcontribution,theyswellwithprideandbragaboutit__________(生怕人家不知道).
Vout
Breakout
Checkoutin
Comeout
Cuttumoroutdeleteomit
Dropout
Figureout
Carryout
Dieout
WereFriendsFallout
Holdoutandtheassistancewillcome
Goout
Letoutacry
Runoutofoil
Useup
Leaveouttheworddelete
Knocksboutconsciousness
Standoutinthecrowdprominent
Watchout
Lookoutforthepickpocket
Wipeouttheinvaderseliminate
Workout
Makeoutacheck
list
Makeoutthewordsontheblackboard
ThetrainhasPulledoutinup
Setout
Putoutthefire
Driveatthemaximumspeed
Exceedthemaximumspeed
Abovethemaximumspeed
Belowthemaximumspeed
Consideration
TakesthintoConsideration
Aconsidereddecision
aconsiderablesumofmoney
yoursuggestionisconsiderable
consideringhisage:
prep.
Itisconsiderateofyoutoleavetheseatforhimthoughtful
Artificiallimbs
ArtificialFlowers
Thetermsofthecontractwereeffectivelyimposedratherthanagreed.
Imposesthonsb
Luxury
LiveinLuxury
Deprivesbofsth