英语四级快速阅读专项训练真题版附答案和详解Word格式.docx

英语四级快速阅读专项训练真题版附答案和详解Word格式.docx

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1.WhyIntegrityMatters

　　WhatIsIntegrity?

　　Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standardsevenwhenmakinglife'

shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

　　RiskyBusiness

　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'

tseetheriskswe'

retaking,wecan'

tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'

tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism（剽窃）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"

unintentional"

doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

　　"

ButEverybodyDoesIt"

　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'

retakingbyusingexcuses:

"

Everyoneelsedoesit."

I'

mnothurtinganyone"

or"

Ireallyneedthisgrade."

Excusescangetveryelaborate:

IknowI'

mlookatanother'

sexam,eventhoughI'

msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'

snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."

Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'

renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'

tseetherealchoicewe'

remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'

dratherhideyouractions,that'

sanindicationthatyou'

retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'

tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"

O"

onatestorassignment,an"

F"

intheclass,suspension（暂令停学）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'

tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwaywithit-OrNot

Thosewhodon'

tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'

tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（剥夺）himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.

Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'

tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"

easier."

Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.

CheatingHurtsOther,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"

don'

tcount"

anddon'

treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative（累积的）effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Rece