大连海事博士一外期末考试复习资料.docx

大连海事博士一外期末考试复习资料.docx

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1、Theso-calledspecialdocumentationreferstoalltheprintedmaterialsthatarenon-booksornon-periodicals.Thisspecialdocumentationmainlyincludes:

Standards,patentdocuments,trademarks,copyrights,contracts/agreements,reports,conferencepapers,dissertations（ortheses）,productspecifications,governmentpublications,proposals,technicalarchives,electronichypertexts,etc.

2、atitleiscomposedofnomorethantwentywords.

3、Infact,standardsaresoimportantthattheyareusuallydescribedas“intangibleassets”

4、apatentcanbedefinedasanofficialrecordofspecificrightsawardedtoanindividualorgrouptopreventothersfromcopyingadesignforgoodsormannerofprocedureoracreativeideainventedbythatindividualorgroupforaspecifiedtime.

5、Patentsmaybetransferredfromonepartytoanother;thewrittenassignmentisrecordedinthePatentandTrademarkOffice.Onceapatentisgranted,itisoutofthejurisdictionofthePatentandTrademarkOffice.

6、Asarulethemerits,values,andanydeductiveapplicationsarenotallowedintheabstract.InthesectionofClaims,theauthor’snameshouldnotappear,andthereshouldbenoabbreviationsofitemnames（e.g.,4340Steel）,noranyambiguousexpressionssuchas“considerablylight,”

7、Astrongtrademarkconsistsofawordthathasnorecognizablemeaning,suchasKodak.

8、Weaktrademarksconsistofacommonword,suchasPremier,orawordthatsuggestssomecharacteristicsoftheproduct,suchasWet'nWash.

9、Standards,asetofdetailedtechnicalguidelinesusedasameansofestablishinguniformityinanareaofhardwareorsoftwaredevelopment,areactuallyakindofdocumentsoflegalnature,whichhavetobeabidedbymanufacturesandappliedtoindustrialproducts,andtheirpartsandcomponents,rawmaterials,technologicalprocesses,experimentalapproaches,qualityofproductsandmeasurements,etc.

10、Trademarks,alsocalledbrandnames,provideaneasywaytodeterminewhomakesacertainproduct.Theyhelpconsumersidentifybrandstheylikedinthepastsotheycanpurchasethemagain.Atrademarkrepresentsthemanufacturer'sreputation,calledgoodwill.

11、Atrademarkcanbesoldorassignedwhenthecompanythatownsitissold.Itcanalsobelicensedtootherstouseaslongasquality-controlprovisionsareineffect.Mostfast-foodoutletsorotherfranchisedbusinessesarelicensedtousethetrademarkoftheparentcompany.

12、Theownerofcopyrighthastheexclusiverighttoreproduceaprotectedwork;prepareotherworksbasedontheprotectedwork;sell,rent,orlendcopiesoftheprotectedworktothepublic;performprotectedworksinpublic;anddisplaycopyrightedworkspublicly.

13、Thistypeofpropertyisunusualbecauseitisnormallyintendedforpublicuseorenjoyment.Ifanindividualbuysacopyrightedbookitbelongstohim/herasanobject.Butmakingcopiesofittosellorgiveawayisillegal.Thisrightbelongstothepublisher,author,orwhoeverholdsthecopyright.Ifsomeonewantstocopyallorpartofabook,anapplicationforpermissionmustbemadetothecopyrightowner,whoprobablywillrequirepaymentofafee.

14、Copyrightisaformofprotectionprovidedbythelawtotheauthorsof“originalworksofauthorship,”includingliterary,dramatic,musical,artistic,andcertainotherintellectualworks.Thisprotectionisavailabletobothpublishedandunpublishedworks.

15、Copyrightisalegalprotectionextendedtothosewhoproducecreativeworks.Originallyonlyforbooks,copyrightnowextendstomagazines,newspapers,advertisements,maps,plays,motionpictures,televisionprograms,computerprogramsoftware,paintings,photographs,sculpture,musicalcompositions,choreographeddances,soundrecordings,andcomputersoftwareprogramsandsimilarworks.Essentiallyacopyrightprotectsanintellectualorartisticproperty.

16、Copyrightlawforbidsunauthorizedduplicationordistributionofcomputerprograms.

17、Ownersofacopyrightmaytransfertheircopyrighttosomeoneelsethroughawrittencontract.

18、Unintentionalinfringementisalsoillegalbutmaybetreatedlessharshlybythecourtthanintentionalinfringement.Willfullyviolatingacopyrightisacriminaloffense.

19、Forexample,teachersmaymakealimitednumberofcopiesofacopyrightedworkforclassroomuse.Archivesandlibrariesmaymakeonecopyofacopyrightedwork,buttheymaynotregularlyreproducesingleormultiplecopiesofsuchawork.

20、thetenderauthoritywillsendacompletesetofinquirydocuments,knownalsoas“tenderdocuments”or“bidpackage”,tothefirmonshortlist.

21、Inthefollowingcase,tenderdocumentsarefree.Alimitednumberofsetsoftenderdocuments–specifications,drawings,andtermsandconditions–aresometimesmadeavailabletogovernmentagenciesfreeofcharge.

22、Considerablepreparatoryworkonthep