外文翻译混合动力电动汽车机械和再生制动的整合Word文件下载.docx

外文翻译混合动力电动汽车机械和再生制动的整合Word文件下载.docx

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外文翻译混合动力电动汽车机械和再生制动的整合@#@外文文献原稿和译文@#@原稿@#@MechanicalandRegenerativeBrakingIntegrationforaHybridElectricVehicle@#@Abstract@#@Hybridelectricvehicletechnologyhasbecomeapreferredmethodfortheautomotiveindustrytoreduceenvironmentalimpactandfuelconsumptionoftheirvehicles.Hybridelectricvehiclesaccomplishthesereductionsthroughtheuseofmultiplepropulsionsystems,namelyanelectricmotorandinternalcombustionengine,whichallowtheeliminationofidling,operationoftheinternalcombustionengineinamoreefficientmannerandtheuseofregenerativebraking.However,theaddedcostofthehybridelectricsystemhashinderedthesalesofthesevehicles.@#@Amorecosteffectivedesignofanelectro-hydraulicbrakingsystemispresented.Thesystemelectro-mechanicallycontrolledtheboostforcecreatedbythebrakeboosterindependentlyofthedriverbrakingforceandwithadequatetimeresponse.Thesystemallowedfortheblendingofthemechanicalandregenerativebrakingtorquesinamannertransparenttothedriverandallowedforregenerativebrakingtobeconductedefficiently.@#@Asystematicdesignprocesswasfollowed,withemphasisplacedondemonstratingconceptualdesignfeasibilityandpreliminarydesignfunctionalityusingvirtualandphysicalprototyping.Thevirtualandphysicalprototypeswerethenusedincombinationasapowerfultooltovalidateanddevelopthesystem.Theroleofprototypinginthedesignprocessispresentedanddiscussed.@#@Throughtheexperiencesgainedbytheauthorduringthedesignprocess,itisrecommendedthatstudentscreatephysicalprototypestoenhancetheireducationalexperience.Theseexperiencesareevidentthroughoutthethesispresented.@#@1.1ModernHybridElectricVehicles@#@Withrisinggaspricesandtheoverwhelmingconcernfortheenvironment,consumersandthegovernmenthaveforcedtheautomotiveindustrytostartproducingmorefuelefficientvehicleswithlessenvironmentalimpact.Onepromisingmethodthatiscurrentlybeingimplementedisthehybridelectricvehicle.@#@Hybridvehiclesaredefinedasvehiclesthathavetwoormorepowersources[25].Therearealargenumberofpossiblevariations,butthemostcommonlayoutofhybridvehiclestodaycombinesthepowerofaninternalcombustionengine（ICE）withthepowerofanelectricmotorandenergystoragesystem（ESS）.Thesevehiclesareoftenreferredtoashybridelectricvehicles（HEV’s）[25].Thesetwopowersourcesareusedinconjunctiontooptimizetheefficiencyandperformanceofthevehicle,whichinturnwillincreasefueleconomyandreducevehicleemissions,allwhiledeliveringtheperformancetheconsumerrequires.In1997,theToyotaPriusbecamethefirsthybridvehicleintroducedintomassproductioninJapan.Ittookanotherthreeyearsforthefirstmassproducedhybridvehicle,theHondaInsight,tobeintroducedintotheNorthAmericanmarket.ThereleaseoftheHondaInsightwascloselyfollowedbythereleaseoftheToyotaPriusinNorthAmericaacoupleofmonthslater[35].@#@Hybridelectricvehicleshavethedistinctadvantageofregenerativebraking.Theelectricmotor,normallyusedforpropulsion,canbeusedasageneratortoconvertkineticenergyofthevehiclebackintoelectricalenergyduringbraking,ratherthanwastingenergyasheat.ThiselectricalenergycanthenbestoredinanESS（e.g.batteriesorultracapacitors）andlaterreleasedtopropelthevehicleusingtheelectricmotor.@#@Thisprocessbecomesevenmoreimportantwhenconsideringtheenergydensityofbatteriescomparedtogasolineordieselfuel.Energydensityisdefinedastheamountofenergystoredinasystemperunitvolumeormass[44].Toillustratethispoint,4kilograms（4.5litres）ofgasolinewilltypicallygiveamotorvehiclearangeof50kilometres.Tostorethesameamountofusefulelectricenergyitrequiresaleadacidbatterywithamassofabout270kilograms[25].Thisdemonstratestheneedforefficientregenerativebrakingtostoreelectricalenergyduringdriving,whichinturnwillkeepthemassoftheenergystoragesystemdownandimprovetheperformanceandefficiencyoftheHEV.@#@1.2ResearchScope-RegenerativeBrakingSystems@#@Thescopeoftheresearchpresentedistocreatealowcostregenerativebrakingsystemtobeusedonfutureeconomicalhybridvehiclestostudytheinteractionbetweenregenerativeandmechanicalbrakingofthesystem.Thissystemshouldbeabletocontrolthecombinationofbothregenerativeandmechanicalbrakingtorquedependingondriverdemandandshouldbeabletodososmoothlyandsafely.Controllingtheregenerativebrakingtorquecanbedoneusingcontrolalgorithmsandvectorcontrolforinductionmotors.However,controllingthemechanicalbrakingtorqueindependentlyofthedriverpedalforce,whilemaintainingpropersafetyback-ups,provedtobemoreofachallenge.Toovercomethisprobl