美国文学史-知识点梳理Word文档格式.doc
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athome"
whatlifewaslikeinthenewworld,and,often,toinducetheirimmigration
2)Highlytheoretical,generallypolemical,discussionsofreligiousquestions.
III.TheFirstAmericanWriter
ThefirstwritingsthatwecallAmericanwerethenarrativesandjournalsofthesesettlements.Theywroteabouttheirvoyagetothenewland,theirlivesinthenewland,theirdealingswithIndians.
CaptainJohnSmithisthefirstAmericanwriter.
ATrueRelationofsuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony(1608)
AMapofVirginia:
ADescriptionoftheCountry(1612)
GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624):
theIndianprincessPocahontas
CaptainJohnSmithwasoneofthefirstearly17th-centuryBritishsettlersinNorthAmerica.HewasoneofthefoundersofthecolonyofJamestown,Virginia.HiswritingsaboutNorthAmericabecamethesourceofinformationabouttheNewWorldforlatersettlers.
OneofthethingshewroteaboutthathasbecomeanAmericanlegendwashiscapturebytheIndiansandhisrescuebythefamousIndianPrincess,Pocahontas.
IV.EarlyNewEnglandLiterature
WilliamBradfordandJohnWinthrop
JohnCottonandRogerWilliams
AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor
V.PuritanThoughts
1.Theoriginofpuritan
InthemediaevalEurope,therewaswidespreadreligiousrevolution.Inthe16thCentury,theEnglishKingHenryVIII(Atthattime,theCatholicswerenotallowedtodivorceunlesstheyhavethePope'
spermission.HenryVIIIwantedtodivorcehiswifebecauseshecouldn'
tbearhimason.ButthePopedidn'
tallowhimtodivorce,sohe)brokeawayfromtheRomanCatholicChurch&
establishedtheChurchofEngland.ButtherewasnoradicaldifferencebetweenthedoctrinesoftheChurchofEnglandandtheCatholicChurch.AgroupofpeoplethoughttheChurchofEnglandwastooCatholicandwantedtopurifythechurch.ThencamethenamePuritans.
2.Puritanism--basedonCalvinism
(1)predestination:
God'
select
Puritansbelievedtheyarepredestinedbeforetheywereborn.
Nothingornogoodworkcanchangetheirfate.
Theybelievedthesuccessofone'
sbusinessisthesigntoshowheistheGod'
select.SothePuritansworksveryhard,spendverylittleandinvestmoreforthefuturebusiness.Theylivedaveryfrugallife.Thisistheirethics.
(2)Origianlsinandtotaldepravity
Manisbornsinful.Thisdeterminessomepuritanspessimisticattitudetowardslife.
(3)Limitedatonement(thesalvationofaselectedfew)
(4)theocracy
Theycombinedstatewithreligion.Theirgovernmentisatleastnotaliberalone.
ThePuritansestablishedAmericantradition--intolerantmoralism.Theystrictlypunisheddrunks,adultery&
heretics.
Puritanschangedgraduallyduetotheseverityoffrontierenvironment
3.InfluenceonAmericanLiterature
(1)Itsoptimism
AmericanliteraturewasfromtheoutsetconditionedbythePuritanheritage.ItcanbesaidAmericanliteratureisbasedontheBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.Afterthat,manhaveanillusiontorestoretheparadise.Thepuritans,afterarrivingatAmerica,believingthatGodmusthavesentthemtothisnewlandtorestorethelostparadise,tobuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.Firedwithsuchastrongsenseofmission,theytreatedlifewithatremendousamountofoptimism.TheoptimisticPuritanhasexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature.
(2)Puritan'
smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionchangedgraduallyintoaliterarysymbolism.
PartIITheLiteratureofReasonAndRevolution
Withthegrowth,especiallyofindustry,thereappearedtheintensestrainwithEngland.TheBritishgovernmentdidnotwantcolonialindustriescompetingwiththoseinEngland.TheBritishwantedthecoloniestoremainpoliticallyandeconomicallydependentonthemothercountry.Theytookaseriesofmeasurestoinsurethisdependence.TheypreventedcolonialeconomybyrequiringAmericanstoshiprawmaterialsabroadandtoimportfinishedgoodsatpriceshigherthanthecostofmakingtheminthiscountry.Politically,theBritishgovernmentforceddependencebyrulingthecoloniesfromoverseasandbytaxingthecolonieswithoutgivingthemrepresentationinPa