美国文学史-知识点梳理Word文档格式.doc

美国文学史-知识点梳理Word文档格式.doc

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athome"

whatlifewaslikeinthenewworld,and,often,toinducetheirimmigration

2）Highlytheoretical,generallypolemical,discussionsofreligiousquestions.

III．TheFirstAmericanWriter

ThefirstwritingsthatwecallAmericanwerethenarrativesandjournalsofthesesettlements.Theywroteabouttheirvoyagetothenewland,theirlivesinthenewland,theirdealingswithIndians.

CaptainJohnSmithisthefirstAmericanwriter.

ATrueRelationofsuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony（1608）

AMapofVirginia:

ADescriptionoftheCountry（1612）

GeneralHistoryofVirginia（1624）:

theIndianprincessPocahontas

CaptainJohnSmithwasoneofthefirstearly17th-centuryBritishsettlersinNorthAmerica.HewasoneofthefoundersofthecolonyofJamestown,Virginia.HiswritingsaboutNorthAmericabecamethesourceofinformationabouttheNewWorldforlatersettlers.

OneofthethingshewroteaboutthathasbecomeanAmericanlegendwashiscapturebytheIndiansandhisrescuebythefamousIndianPrincess,Pocahontas.

IV．EarlyNewEnglandLiterature

WilliamBradfordandJohnWinthrop

JohnCottonandRogerWilliams

AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor

V．PuritanThoughts

1.Theoriginofpuritan

InthemediaevalEurope,therewaswidespreadreligiousrevolution.Inthe16thCentury,theEnglishKingHenryVIII（Atthattime,theCatholicswerenotallowedtodivorceunlesstheyhavethePope'

spermission.HenryVIIIwantedtodivorcehiswifebecauseshecouldn'

tbearhimason.ButthePopedidn'

tallowhimtodivorce,sohe）brokeawayfromtheRomanCatholicChurch&

establishedtheChurchofEngland.ButtherewasnoradicaldifferencebetweenthedoctrinesoftheChurchofEnglandandtheCatholicChurch.AgroupofpeoplethoughttheChurchofEnglandwastooCatholicandwantedtopurifythechurch.ThencamethenamePuritans.

2.Puritanism--basedonCalvinism

（1）predestination:

God'

select

Puritansbelievedtheyarepredestinedbeforetheywereborn.

Nothingornogoodworkcanchangetheirfate.

Theybelievedthesuccessofone'

sbusinessisthesigntoshowheistheGod'

select.SothePuritansworksveryhard,spendverylittleandinvestmoreforthefuturebusiness.Theylivedaveryfrugallife.Thisistheirethics.

（2）Origianlsinandtotaldepravity

Manisbornsinful.Thisdeterminessomepuritanspessimisticattitudetowardslife.

（3）Limitedatonement（thesalvationofaselectedfew）

（4）theocracy

Theycombinedstatewithreligion.Theirgovernmentisatleastnotaliberalone.

ThePuritansestablishedAmericantradition--intolerantmoralism.Theystrictlypunisheddrunks,adultery&

heretics.

Puritanschangedgraduallyduetotheseverityoffrontierenvironment

3.InfluenceonAmericanLiterature

（1）Itsoptimism

AmericanliteraturewasfromtheoutsetconditionedbythePuritanheritage.ItcanbesaidAmericanliteratureisbasedontheBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.Afterthat,manhaveanillusiontorestoretheparadise.Thepuritans,afterarrivingatAmerica,believingthatGodmusthavesentthemtothisnewlandtorestorethelostparadise,tobuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.Firedwithsuchastrongsenseofmission,theytreatedlifewithatremendousamountofoptimism.TheoptimisticPuritanhasexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature.

（2）Puritan'

smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionchangedgraduallyintoaliterarysymbolism.

PartIITheLiteratureofReasonAndRevolution

Withthegrowth,especiallyofindustry,thereappearedtheintensestrainwithEngland.TheBritishgovernmentdidnotwantcolonialindustriescompetingwiththoseinEngland.TheBritishwantedthecoloniestoremainpoliticallyandeconomicallydependentonthemothercountry.Theytookaseriesofmeasurestoinsurethisdependence.TheypreventedcolonialeconomybyrequiringAmericanstoshiprawmaterialsabroadandtoimportfinishedgoodsatpriceshigherthanthecostofmakingtheminthiscountry.Politically,theBritishgovernmentforceddependencebyrulingthecoloniesfromoverseasandbytaxingthecolonieswithoutgivingthemrepresentationinPa