英语专业四级语法重点汇总文档格式.docx
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典型句型整理如下:
如:
“cannothelpbutdo”——“不得不做某事”
“cannotbutdo”——“不禁做某事”
“cannotchoosebutdo”——“不由自主地做某事”
“candonothingbutdo”——“不能不做某事”
“havenochoicebuttodo”——“只能做某事”
cooperationwillproveunworkable.这种合作模式大有可能行不通。
2.某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念
这些典型词汇总结如下:
“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“preferto”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differfrom”、“comparedwith”、“incomparisonwith”、“differentfrom”、“ratherthan”等
例句:
Aftervisitingatweekends,Ithinktheirvillaissuperiortoalltheothervillasinthecountryside.
3.有关比较级的特殊句型
(1)notsomuch…as…与其说…还不如说…
Themajorreasonforhissuicideisn’tsomuchhisnegativeemotionsashisincapacitytotakecareofhimself.
(2)no/notanymore…than…两者一样都不…
Itiswellacknowledgedbythepublicthattheheartisnoanymoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrainaltogether.
(3)no/notanyless…than…两者一样都…
IwasgoodatalmostallsubjectswhenIwasinthejuniorhighschool,andparticularlyspeaking,mathematicswasnoanylessgoodthanphysicsatthattime.
(4)justas…so…正如…,…也…(会使用到倒装结构)
例如:
Justaschocolateisapartofmyfavoritefood,soistheicecream.
二、虚拟语气
简明概述:
虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反,是一种主观假想的情况。
时态:
可表示过去、现在和将来,特征是时态相应退后。
1.与现在事实相反的主观假设:
条件从句
主句
一般现在时改为一般过去时注:
be动词一律改为were
should/would/could/might+动词原形
IftherewereanEnglishdictionary,wecouldconsultitforthisdifficultword.
Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewoulddousafavortomovetheheavybox.
2.与过去事实相反的主观假设:
一般过去时改为过去完成时
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
Ifhehadstudiedmorediligently,hewouldhavepassedtheexamundoubtedly.
Ifmyfavoriteteacherhadbeenhereyesterday,Iwouldhavepaidmoreattentiontothelesson.
Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
3.与将来事实相反的主观假设:
一般过去时
注:
be动词一律改为were
should/would/could/might+动词原形
were+todosth
should+动词原形
Ifyoumadegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.
Ifyouweretomakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.
Ifyoushouldmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.
混合条件句:
主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致,这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。
Ifyouhadfinishedyourhomeworkbyyourselfyesterday(过去),youwouldnotcopyother’sanswersinahurry(现在).
Ifyouhadaskedyourmotherhowtocooklastweek(过去),youwouldknowclearlyeachcookingstepofthedish(现在).
虚拟语气的倒装
如果从句中有were,should,had,则需要倒装。
倒装方法:
将if省略,再把were,should,had挪到从句的句首。
如果从句中没有were,should,had,则不能省略if,也不可倒装。
原句:
Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.
倒装:
Weremybiggerbrotherhere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.
Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
Hadthechildbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.
Shouldyoumakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.
虚拟语气词:
should
很简单,三种形式
(1)Itissuggested/requested/ordered,etc.(具有命令,建议,要求等口吻的动词过去分词)+thatsbshould(should可省略)do(动词原形)sth.
注:
这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。
Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.
宾语从句:
Isuggestthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.
表语从句:
Mysuggestionisthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.
同位语从句:
Iprovidedasuggestionthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.
(2)Itisnecessary/important/indispensable,etc.(带有主观色彩的形容词)+thatsb(should)dosth.
(3)Itisapity/ashame,etc.(名词性词组)+thatsb(should)dosth.
虚拟语气特殊句型:
Itishigh(high可省略)timethat…该是……的时候了
“that…”从句动词可以用
(1)过去时
(2)should(不能省略)+动词原形
Itis(high)timethatweshoulddrawupacontract.
Itis(high)timethatwedrewupacontract.(草拟合同)
含蓄虚拟语气
除了常规的连词if以外,还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。
1.Without“要是没有……”
Withouttherescueoffirefighterstimely,ourliveswouldnothavebeensaved.
2.Butfor“要不是……”
Butforyourprofessionalhelp,Icouldnothaveachievedsuchabigprogressinmedicalcommunity.
3.Under…“在某种情况下……”
Undersuchcircumstances,thecriminalwouldnothaveperpetratedactsofviolenceuponchildren.
4.With…“有……的前提下”
Withthedatacollectedonemonthearlier,