第13章内分泌英文Word格式文档下载.docx

第13章内分泌英文Word格式文档下载.docx

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第13章内分泌英文@#@第13章内分泌英文@#@Chapter13DiseasesofEndocrineSystemOBSERVATIONALMETHODSOFSPECIMENThyroidgland.Macroscopically,thebutterfly-shaped,reddish-brownthyroidglandislocatedbelowthelevelofthecricoid,whichcomposedoftwolaterallobesandconnectedbyamediantissuecalledtheisthmus.Theglandisenclosedinaconnectivetissuecapsule,whichmakesthesurfacesmooth,andthecutsurfaceoftheglandislightbrownandtranslucent（Fig.13-01）.Whenobservingwemustnotethesize,shape,textureandthecolorofthethyroid;@#@whetherthesurfaceissmooth,orifithasanynodes;@#@whetherthemembranethickenedorintegrated;@#@whetherthereisanyadhesionwiththesurroundingtissue;@#@whetherthereisdiffuseorfocalenlargementonthecutsurface;@#@Notethesize,number,colorofthenodes;@#@andwhetherithascapsule,clearlydefinedborderorcompressionandinvasionintothesurroundingtissue;@#@andifithasthechangesofhemorrhage,necrosis,cysticdegeneration,fibrosisandcalcification.Microscopically,thethyroidglandiscomposedoffolliclescontainedwithcolloid（Fig.13-02a,b）.Theshapeofthethyroidglandhascloserelationshipwithitsfunction,thusthechangesofitshistologicalmorphologycanindicateitsstateoffunction.Linedbyasinglelayeroffollicularcellswhoseshaperangesfromflattenedtolowcolumnar,withfolliclesenlarging,colloidplentifulandmarginclearrepresentstheirinactivestate,andactivestatewhentheepitheliumcolumnar,folliclecontractedorcolloiddeceased,andoveractivewhentheepitheliumhighcolumnarorbucklingintothefolliclestoformpapillae,withtheresorptivevacuolesofthecolloid.NormalthyroidfolliclealterwiththeperiodicalstateofactivityAdrenalgland.Macroscopically,thepairedyellowish-brownadrenalglandareenclosedinathinfibrouscapsule（Fig.13-03）,withtherightonepyramid-shaped,andtheleftonecrescentic.Theoutercortexpresentsyellowish,andinnermedullagreyorbrownonthecutsurface.Whenobservingwemustnotethesize,shapeoftheadrenalgland,thethicknessofcortex,andifithashemorrhageornodesonthecutsurface,givingattentiontothesize,color,textureandrelationshipwithsurroundingtissueofthenode.Microscopically,thecortex,whichformsthebulkofthegland,arearrangedinthreedistinctzones,comprisestheouter,middleandinnerzones-zonaglomerulosa,zonafasciculateandzonareticularisrespectively.Themedullaconsistschromaffincells（Fig.13-04）arrangedinroundedgroupsorshortcordswhichcrowdaroundboundarybloodvessels.Pituitarygland.Macroscopically,thepituitaryglandseatedinthesellaturcicaofthesphenoidbone,usuallysaidtobethesizeandshapeofasymmetricalpea.Inhumanstheglandhastwomajorlobes,thereddish-brownadenohypophysisandthepale-greyneurohypophysis（Fig.13-05）.Microscopically,adenohypophysialarearrangedininterminglingcolumnsandnests,interspersedwithboundarycapillarynetwork.Theadenohypophysialisclassifiedintoeosinophils,basophilsandchromophobesaccordingtothestainingbyhaematoxylinandeosin（Fig.13-06）.Pancreas.Macroscopically,thehumanpancreasisanarrowlyelongatedgland,measures17to20cminlength,3to5cminwidth,1.5to2.5cminthicknessandweighs82g,whichissubdividedintothehead,thebodyandthetail.Thecutsurfacepresentsreddish-brown,softtextureandlobulararchitecture.Microscopically,theendocrinepancreasismainlycomposedofpancreaticislets,whichconsistsofclustersofcellscordinterspersedwithboundarybloodvessels（Fig.13-07）.IsletscontaintheAcells,Bcells,DcellsandPPcells.AIMS1.Tobeacquaintedwiththemorphologiccharacteristicsofsimplegoiterandtoxicgoiter.2.Tobeacquaintedwiththefeaturesofthyroidadenomaandthyroidadenocarcinoma.3.TounderstandtheknowledgeaboutthecharacteristicsofsubacuteandHashimotosthyroiditis.4.Tounderstandtheknowledgeaboutthefeaturesofadrenocorticaladenomaandpheochromocytoma.5.Tounderstandtheknowledgeaboutthefeaturesofpituitaryadenomaandinsulinoma.CONTENTSGrossspecimenTissuesectionDiseaseofthyroidglandSimplegoiterSimplegoiterToxicgoiterToxicgoiterSubacutethyroiditisSubacutethyroiditisHashimotosthyroiditisHashimotosthyroiditisThyroidadenomaThyroidadenomaThyroidadenocarcinomaThyroidadenocarcinomaTumorofadrenalglandAdrenocorticaladenomaAdrenocorticaladenomaPheochromocytomaPheochromocytomaPituitaryadenomaPituitaryadenomaTumorofpancreasIsletcelltumorIsletcelltumorKEYPOINTSOFSPECIMENOBSERVATION1.Diseasesofthethyroidgland（ⅰ）SimplegoiterBasicpathologicchanges

（1）Grossmorphology◆Hyperplasticphase:

@#@Thereisdiffuseenlargementofthegland,withsmoothsurface.Colloidphase:

@#@thecutsurfaceislightbrown,glassyandtranslucent;@#@◆Nodular