比较齐全的美国文学名词解释Word文档格式.docx

比较齐全的美国文学名词解释Word文档格式.docx

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Americanrealism：

（美国现实主义）RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismandpavedthewaytoModernism;

2）.Duringthisperiodanewgenerationofwriters,dissatisfiedwiththeRomanticideasintheoldergeneration,cameupwithanewinspiration.Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftherealitiesofanyaspectoflife,freefromsubjectiveprejudice,idealism,orromanticcolor.Insteadofthinkingaboutthemysteriesoflifeanddeathandheroicindividualism,people’sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence,towhatwasbrutalorsordid,andtotheopenportayalofclassstruggle;

3）sowritersbegantodescribetheintegrityofhumancharactersreactingundervariouscircumstancesandpicturethepioneersofthefarwest,thenewimmigrantsandthestrugglesoftheworkingclass;

4）MarkTwainHowellsandHenryJamesarethreeleadingfiguresoftheAmericanRealism.

AmericanNaturalism（美国自然主义文学）：

TheAmericannaturalistsacceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofDarwin’sevolutionarytheoryandusedittoaccoutforthebehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedattributes,theirhabitsconditionedbysocialandeconomicforces.2）naturalismisevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthor’stoneinwritingbecomeslessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimistic.Itisnomorethanagloomyphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexistence.3>

Dreiserisaleadingfigureofhisschool.

LocalColorism（乡土文学）：

Generallyspeaking,thewritingsoflocalcoloristsareconcernedwiththelifeofasmall,weell-definedregionorprovince.Thecharacteristicsettingistheisolatedsmalltown.2）Localcoloristswereconsciouslynostalgichistoriansofavanishingwayoflife,recordersofapresentthatfadedbeforetheireyes.Yetforalltheirsentimentality,theydedicatedthemselvestominutelyaccuratedescriptionsofthelifeoftheirregions,theyworkedfrompersonalexperiencetorecordthefactsofalocalenvironmentandsuggestedthatthenativelifewasshapedbythecuriousconditionsofthelocal.3）majorlocalcoloristsisMarkTwain.

Imagism（意象主义）：

ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandU.Saround1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.2>

theimagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.3>

imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:

A.directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;

B.economyofexpression;

C.asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome.4>

pound’sInaStationoftheMetroisawell-knowninagistpoem.

TheLostGeneration（迷惘的一代）：

ThelostgenerationisatermfirstusedbySteintodescribethepost-warIgenerationofAmericanwriters:

menandwomenhauntedbyasenseofbetrayalandemptinessbroughtaboutbythedestructivenessofthewar.2>

fullofyouthfulidealism,theseindividualssoughtthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,hadloveaffairsandcreatedsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.3>

thethreebest-knownrepresentativesoflostgenerationareF.ScottFitzgerald,hemingwayandJohndosPassos.

TheBeatGeneration（垮掉的一代）:

ThemembersofTheBeatGenerationwerenewbohemianlibertines.Whoengagedinaspontaneous,sometimesmessy,creativity.2>

TheBeatwritersproducedabodyofwrittenworkcontroversialbothforitsadvocacyofnon-conformityandforitsnon-conformingstyle.3>

themajorbeatwritingsareAllenGinsberg’showl.HowlbecamethemanifestoofTheBeatGeneration.

AJazzage（爵士时代）:

TheJazzAgedescribestheperiodofthe1920sand1930s,theyearsbetweenworldwarIandworldwarII.ParticularlyinnorthAmerica.Withtheriseofthegreatdepression,thevaluesofthisagesawmuchdecline.PerhapsthemostrepresentativeliteraryworkoftheageisAmericanwriter