高考英语阅读理解专题突破Word格式.docx

高考英语阅读理解专题突破Word格式.docx

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A

（2017年重庆一模）ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan400yearsago.Theirdescendants（后代）inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableashighas14，000feetupintheAndesMountains.（That'

shigherthananyotherfoodwillgrow.）EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.

Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted，tonamejustthree.However，intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefastfoodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.

Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants，itmustpassmanyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRussetBurbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,whichcanhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes，thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.

Beforeshipping，everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percentthatareleftinthebatch?

Well，afewshortfriesinabagareokay，itseems.

So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”．

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重的地位。

1．PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom______．

A．Chile

B．Europe

C．Ecuador

D．theAndesMountains

B　[考查细节理解。

根据文中第一段最后一句“EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope，andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。

故选B项。

]

2．Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?

A．Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.

B．Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.

C．BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.

D．Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.

A　[考查推理判断。

根据第二段的“Onefastfoodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder，then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。

故选A项。

3．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay________．

A．smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfries

B．potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericans

C．eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthing

D．friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustry

D　[考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的内容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”（无足轻重的东西），由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。

故选D项。

[干扰项分析]　本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’．”可知，本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。

4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A．TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.

B．Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.

C．PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.

D．Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.

C　[考查主旨大意。

根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。

因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。

故选C项。

B

（2017年湖南长郡中学模拟）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams，thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage，buttohaveoneinthedriver'

sseatisanothermatter.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcoolheadeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'

tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.

Anexperienceddriver，whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfor