全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.doc
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2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot__1___itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw___2___justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat__3___thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.
JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe__4__asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot___5__byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself____6___tothecodeofconductthat__7____totherestofthefederaljudiciary.
Thisandothercases___8___thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla___9__betweenthecourtandpolitics.
TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw__10__havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions__11__theywouldbefreeto__12__thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto__13___politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely__14___.
Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial___15___likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit__16___isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily___17__asunjust.
Thejusticesmust__18___doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves__19___tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,__20___,convincingaslaw.
1.[A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D]recognize
2.[A]when [B]best [C]before [D]unless
3.[A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D]eliminated
4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D]accepted
5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded
6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone
7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]leads [D]applies
8.[A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle
9.[A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict
10.[A]by [B]as [C]through [D]towards
11.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though
12.[A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace
13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer
14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied
15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]convenience
16.[A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls
17.[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted
18.[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore
19.[A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable
20.[A]byallmeans [B]atallcosts [C]inaword [D]asaresult
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!
”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthati
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