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四柱;
电器控制;
液压缸
Abstract
Thisdesigntopicisatheshapingusingthetechnologytheequipment.Itusesintheforgingandstamping,theaxisclasscomponentspressureinstallsortheadjustment,theswaging,theramming,thecurving,thebriquetting,thepowdermetallurgy,takesshapeandsoonthetechologicalprocessshapingmachinery,compareswiththemechanicalpress,itthewidespreadacopethesteo,mayourputthecompletepowerandthemaintenanceinthefreepositionneedsthepressure,andcancompletethesuppressiontotakeshapeanddecidestheregulationtotakeshapeandthecraftwayandsoon,thestructuralconfigurationisflexible,eachimplementingagrncymovementmayveryconvenientlyachieveshortcoming;
Itsfuselagerigidityissmaller,duetomakestheguidancewithfourcolumns,theactivecrossbeamInsideguidancesetwearsafterfourcolumnsisnoteasytoregulate.
ThisdesignusesthemethodwhichsoftwareandtheengineisthreeLiangfourcolumnsstructures,thecylinderguidesbyfourcolumns,goesagainstthecylinderarrangementintheworktablemiddleadjustingmechanismstronglyestablishesonthecontrolboxkneadingboard,theactuatingunit(includingelectricmotor,pumps,partandvalve,ect)establishestorightflank.Accordingtotherelatedtechnicalparameterwhichassignsdrawsupthemakesinthegraphtobeallowedtheclearreflectioncariousmovementstravellingschedule,speedandtheircoordinaterelations.Theisveryimportant,includingdeterminationsystemfunctionalelement(structuresize,drawsuptheofficial,definitesystemmainparameter,carriesontheessentialperformanceevaluation.Theelectricappliancecontrolusestheprogrammablecontrol.,theimplementtaketheoilastheactuatingmedium,itscylinderworkprocessbybuttoncentralizedcontrol,itcausesthesuooressedspeedtobepossibletomove.Finallycarriesonthe.
Thisdesigngoalisclear,carefulluinstructsthroughteacher,ownconsultthepertinentdata,andtofactoryaffiliatedwithaschoolobservationstudy,smoothlytask.Raisemyselfthroughthisdesigntobegin,thesynthesisutilizesthemulti-disciplinarytheoryknowledgeandtheskillsolutionprojectactualproblemability,willbuildthefoundationforthelaterpracticalwork.
Keywords:
-安全系数;
4D-油缸内径;
d-活塞杆外径;
-回程速度;
-工进速度
已知=100mms;
=80mms
所以=1.25
3.强度校核
当只受轴向力推或拉力,可以近似地用直杆承受拉压载荷的简单强度计算公式进行计算:
(4-23)
==82.86MPa
危险截面的合成应力:
=5.5MPaMPa
主缸的总效率
1.机械效率:
由活塞及活塞杆密封处的摩擦阻力所造成的摩擦损失,在额定压力下通常可取:
=0.9~0.95,这里取:
=0.93
2.容积效率:
由各密封件的泄露所造成,当活塞密封为弹性材料时;
取=0.98
3.反作用力效率:
由排出口背压差所产生的反向作用力。
(4-24)
=
=0.987MPa
---当活塞杆伸出是为进油压力,当活塞杆缩回是为排油压力
---当活塞杆伸出时为排油压力,当活塞杆缩回时为进油压力
=(4-25)=
=0.981MPa
主缸的总效率:
=(4-26)
=0.930.980.98
=0.893
说明:
该系统背压0.4MPa
顶出液压缸的设计
材料
顶出缸材料强度如表4.4所示
表4.4顶出缸材料强度
型号
≥MPa
≥MPa
≥%
35CrMo
1000
850
12
顶出缸内径的设计
1.顶出液压缸内径:
D=(4-27)
==0.249m
2.顶出液压缸活塞杆径d
d=(4-28)
==0.145m
3.顶出液压缸有效面积:
A=D(4-29)
=
=0.00785m=79cm
A=(D-d)(4-30)
=(0.10-0.08)
=0.0028m=28cm
A=d(4-31)
=0.08=0.0050m
=50cm
4.顶出液压缸实际顶出力和回程力:
R=PA(4-32)
=25100.00785
=21.4MPa
R=60KN
5.顶出液压缸的工作压力和回程工作压力:
PA=25100.00785=196.3KN
6.顶出液压缸的工作压力和回程压力:
P=25MPa
P=(4-33)
液压缸的理论作用力F
F=45.59KN(4-34)
取=0.6;
=0.90
缸筒壁厚
公式:
=++
关于的值,分别计算;
当时,为薄壁缸筒
>
==0.0134m(4-35)
===83.3mP
-缸筒材料的许用应力
当~0.3时,液压缸的安全系数:
n=12
>
=0.0156m
取=0.025m
当时,材料使用不够经济,应改用高屈服强度的材料.
顶出缸所受载荷如表4.5所示
表4.5缸筒所受载荷
静载荷
交变载荷
冲击载荷
不对称
对称
钢
3
5
8
缸筒壁厚校核
额定工作压力,应该低于一个极限值,以保证其安全.
MPa(4-36)
=0.35
=100MPa
=外径D=内径
同时额定工作压力也应该完全塑性变形的发生:
(4-37)
=60.76~72.9MPa
(4-38)
=2.3850
=2.38500.0888
=173.6MPa
-缸筒完全塑性的变形压力,-材料屈服强度MPa
缸筒的暴裂压力
(4-39)
=204.24MPa
缸筒底部厚度
缸筒底部为平面时:
0.433(4-40)
0.433
mm取mm
缸筒端部法兰厚度h
(4-41)
=
=12.72mm
取-安全系数;
液压缸活塞杆往复运动时的速度比
=(4-47)
已知=100mms;
=80mms
所以=1.25
D-油缸内径;
d-活塞杆外径;
-回程速度;
取d=0.22m
则=1.24;
(4-48)
==82.86MPa
危险截面的合成应力:
=2.7MPaMPa
顶出缸的总效率
1.机械效率
由活塞及活塞杆密封处的摩擦阻力所造成的摩擦损失,
在额定压力下,通常可取:
=0.9~0.95
这里取:
2.容积效率
由