新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程BookIV-Unit1-B-Why do smart people do dumb thingsPPT格式课件下载.pptx

新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程BookIV-Unit1-B-Why do smart people do dumb thingsPPT格式课件下载.pptx

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,Tobeathomewiththereadingskillconcerned,TodecodeTextBthroughapplicationofthereadingskills,ToderiveknowledgefromTextB,Tobebetteratlistening,translating,andwriting,1234,CulturalBackground,1.Warming-upActivities,ATopic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseBSpotDictationC,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,A.CulturalBackgroundCognitivebias

（1）Acognitivebiasisapatternofdeviationinjudgmentthatoccursinparticularsituations,leadingtoperceptualdistortion,inaccuratejudgment,illogicalinterpretation,orwhatisbroadlycalledirrationality.,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundCognitivebias

（2）Alongandevergrowinglistofcognitivebiaseshasbeenidentifiedoverthelastsixdecadesofresearchonhumanjudgmentanddecision-makingincognitivescience,socialpsychology,andbehavioraleconomics.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundCognitivebias（3）Acognitivebiasarisesfromvariousprocessesthataresometimesdifficulttodistinguish.Theseincludeinformation-processingshortcuts,mentalnoise,themindslimitedinformationprocessingcapacity,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundCognitivebias（4）emotionalandmoralmotivations,orsocialinfluence.Manycognitivebiasesareoftenstudiedforhowtheyaffectbusinessandeconomicdecisionsandhowtheyaffectscientificandexperimentalresearches.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundFundamentalattributionerrorItisacognitivebiasinsocialpsychology.Itreferstothetendencytojudgeapersoninanunpleasantsituationinabadlightandattributehisbehaviortointernalcausesandqualitiesratherthanconsiderthesituationorcircumstancesthatmayhavecausedthepersontobehaveinthatmanner.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundConfirmationbias

（1）Itisacognitivebiaswherebyonetendstonoticeandlookforinformationthatconfirmsonesexistingbeliefs,whilstignoringanythingthatcontradictsthosebeliefs.Itisatypeofselectivethinking.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundConfirmationbias

（2）Forexample:

@#@Astudentwhoisgoingtowritearesearchpapermayprimarilysearchforinformationthatwillconfirmhisbeliefs.Thestudentmayfailtosearchfororfullyconsiderinformationthatisinconsistentwithhisbeliefs.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundOverconfidencebias

（1）Itisacognitivebiaswhichoccurswhenindividualsoverestimatetheirabilitytopredictfutureevents,orhaveinappropriatelyhighconfidenceintheirownanswers,opinionsorbeliefs.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundOverconfidencebias

（2）Theseoverestimationscouldbedrivenbyastrongdesiretosucceedorcouldjustbeaconsequenceofthegeneraloptimismproducedbycognitivebias.Forexample:

@#@Eighty-twopercentofthedriversintheUSsurveyedfeeltheyareamongthetop30percentofsafedrivers.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundAvailabilitybias

（1）Itisacognitivebiaswherebyonetendstojudgethelikelihoodofaneventbyhowreadilyexamplescanbebroughttomind.Theycouldberecenteventsorwhatoneperceivesasmemorableordramaticoccurrences.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,A.CulturalBackgroundAvailabilitybias

（2）Forexample,investorswillchooseinvestmentsbasedoninformationthatisavailabletothem（advertisements,suggestionsfromadvisors,friends,etc.）andwillnotengageindisciplinedresearchorduediligencetoverifythattheinvestmentselectedisagoodone.,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-Decoding,Jotter,WordStudy,SpotDictation,Cog认nit识ive偏b差iasesort传ho统do认x识viewcon确fir定ma性ti偏on差biasove过rco度n自fid信en偏ce差biassu沉nk没c成os本tf谬all误acyav可ail得ab性ilit偏y差biasfundam基en本tal归a因ttri错bu误tionerrorpreexis先tin前g假hy设pothesis,Risk风a险ss评es估smentpett狭y义jud判gm断entno夸v大ers（vta.）teo搞b混sc（uvr.e）驱r除epe（vl.）thr限es度hold驳re斥fu（tve.）验te证sti（fvy.）,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-DecodingB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUse,Jotter,Background,SpotDictation,availattribute,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-DecodingB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUse,Jotter,Background,SpotDictation,hypothesis,threshold,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-DecodingB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUse,Jotter,Background,SpotDictation,confirmed,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-DecodingB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUse,Jotter,Background,SpotDictation,refuteobscurity,K-Deriving,FurtherDev.,T-DecodingB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUse,Jotter,Background,SpotDictation,repeltestify,K-Deriv