考研英语语法全突破Word格式.docx
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(相当于Howmanyofuswhowillattend...)
(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。
如:
Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedhalfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.(相当于&
#8230;
recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeenannounced&
)Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.(相当于&
eachnewphonewhichisaddedto&
)Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedonhispersonalobservationofnature.(相当于&
descriptionwhichwasbasedon&
)(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义:
deceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-travelled,newlyarrived,recentlycome。
anescapedprisoner一个逃犯aretiredworker一位退休工人afadedcurtain一个褪了色的窗帘anewlyarrivedstudent一个新来的学生2.分词做状语,注意区分分词的一般式与完成式
(1)表示时间,多置于句首,注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词,要用完成式。
Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone.(complete先于start之前发生)
(2)表示原因,置于句首句尾均可,根据情况有时要用完成式,有时用一般式。
Hewasn&
#8217;
taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithallmembers.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.(3)表示伴随、方式,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。
Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthatshewouldreturnitsoon.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelylosttotheoutsideworld.(4)表示结果,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。
Thecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthenewbusesbrokedown,themunusable.(5)表示补充说明(同位),置于句尾,用分词的一般式。
Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkerassignedaseparatetask.3.分词的独立主格结构分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语,称为分词独立主格结构。
分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分,但在翻译时经常译成独立的句子,考生要注意英汉两种语言在结构上的区别。
Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.Darknesssettingin,theyoungcouplelingeredonmerrymaking.4.分词做表语和补语,尤应注意由使役动词变来的分词的形式
(1)现在分词表示主语或宾语的特征,多以事物做(逻辑)主语。
HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected.
(2)过去分词表示主语或宾语所处的状态或对某事的心理反应和感受,多以人做(逻辑)主语。
Thesestudentsarequickatlearning.We&
llhavethemtrainedinnewmethods.Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled.Fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.五、非谓语动词的其他考点1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以,但在意思上有区别的动词的用法meantodo想要(做某事)proposetodo打算(做某事)meandoing意味(做某事)proposedoing建议(做某事)forgettodo忘记(要做的事)remembertodo记得(要做某事)forgetdoing忘记(已做的事)rememberdoing记得(已做过的事)goontodo继而(做另一件事)stoptodo停下来去做另一件事goondoing继续(做原来的事)stopdoing停止正在做的事regrettodo(对将要做的事)遗憾regretdoing(对已做过的事)后悔如:
Mr.Jankinregrettedhavingblamedhissecretaryforthemistake,forhelaterdiscovereditwashisownfault.Theboyisconstantlybeingtoldnottoscratchthepaintoffthewall,buthegoesondoingitallthesame.2.不定式的习惯用法句型:
cannothelpbutdocannotbutdocannotchoosebutdocandonothingbutdohavenochoice/alternativebuttodo上述句型的意思接近,即&
#8220;
不得不做&
#8221;
、&
不禁做&
不由自主地做&
不能不做&
只能做&
。
其共同的特点是都有一个否定词和but。
Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.3.动名词的习惯用法句型:
bebusy/activedoingsth.havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.It&
snogood/use/picnicdoingsth.haveagood/great/wonderfultimedoingsth.spend/wastetimedoingsth.Thereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.cannothelpdoingsth.Thereisnodoingsth.Iknowitisn&
timportantbutIcan&
thelpthinkingaboutit.Alicewashavingtroublecontrollingthechildrenbecausethereweresomanyofthem.Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.4.therebe非谓语动词的用法
(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。
Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.(expect要求接不定式做宾语)
(2)做目的状语或程度状语时用fortheretobe,做其他状语用therebeing。
Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.(fortheretobe&
在句中做目的状语)Itisn&
tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim&
scaroutquitesafely.(fortheretobe&
在句中做程度状语)Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we&
llstopheretoday.(therebeing&
做原因状语)(3)引导主语用forthere