如何写主题句培训讲学Word下载.docx
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TwocausesoftheAmericanCivilWar.
这个句子是个不完整的句子,不合乎语法,因此不能用作主题句。
Example2:
ThereweretwocausesthatledtotheAmericanCivilWar.
重写后的句子合乎语法,是个较好的主题句。
2)要使用限写词限定主题
为了正确表达观点,好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组,即限制词(controllers)限制这一观点。
Example3:
Airtravelismoreconvenientthantrainforatleastthreereasons.
从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“airtravel”(topic),他将要把“train”(aspect)和“airtravel”作比较,并且陈述“reasons”。
由此可见,作者在“aspect”(方面)和“reason”(原因)两方面限制他的主题。
3)要注意主题的可写性
所定的主题不能太笼统,也不能太具体。
Example4:
InHemingway'
sstory“Soldier’sHome”,KrebstellshismotherthathewantsnopartofGod'
sKingdom.
这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写,无法展开段落。
Example5:
sstory“Soldier’sHome”,Krebisalonely,cynicalveteran.
这个句子可作为主题句,因为可以围绕“lonely,cynical”展开段落。
Example6:
Letmetellyousomethingaboutoverpopulation.
这个句子太笼统,作为一个段落的主题太大,难于驾驭。
如何写论据
论证方法:
同一段可以使用多个论证手段
但是:
不是说每一段都得使用到这几种,将论证方法分散到你的论据中。
不要成了填空式作文。
1.扩展主题句
(基本句型)
1.扩展主题句:
A:
同义替换
1.inotherwords换言之
2.thatistosay也就是说
3.tobemoreprecise说的具体一些
4.by…Imean我的意思是
5.thismeans…这意味着
6.Namely
主题句中的名词讲清楚---抽象名词具体化
Thecostoflivinghasbeensteadilyrisinginthepastdecades.
Foodprices,clothingcosts,housingexpenses,andtuitionfeesannuallyincreasedby5.59%overtheperiodof1995to2008.
TS:
Foronething,offeringacademicknowledgecancontributetostudents’achievement.
使用拓展主题句方法展开:
Thatistosay,inprimaryschool,childrenshouldbeinstilledtheabilityofspellChinesecharactersandbasicmathematicalknowledgewhichensurethemmasteringthecommonsenseindailylifeandofferingthefirststepoffurthereducation.
展开支持句的方法:
1.因果展开
Anadvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.
展开句:
theylearnhowtomakefriendswithotherchildrenofasimilarage.Thisisoftennotpossibleathomebecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderoryounger.
Carcompaniesshouldhelppeoplebetterunderstandelectriccars.
Asfuelpricesareveryhigh,peoplewillbuyelectricaresiftheyknowthatelectriccarssavethemmoneyinthelongterm.
Theinternetisthekeytotheknowledgeandinformationavailableintheworldtoday.
Therefore,itisimportantthatchildrenlearntousetheequipmentwithconfidence.
2.举例展开
Weneedtoimprovethepublictransportservicesavailabletotravelers
Forexample,ifbetterundergroundtrainsystemswerebuiltandmaintainedinourmajorcities,thentrafficontheroadswouldbereduced.
Childrenneedtodevelopsocialskills.
Agoodwayforthemtodothisisthroughactivitiessuchasteamsportsandplayingwithotherchildren.
举例子常用短语
1.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthefactthatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearefindingiteasiertogetjobs.
2.AgoodcaseinpointisWuhan,whichhasapedestrianshoppingstreet.
3.Takemyfatherasanexample.
4.toillustrate,asanillustration
3.对比展开
Peopletodayarelessactivethantheyusedtobe.
MostadultsrelaxbywatchingtelevisionorbrowsingtheInternet,whilechildrenplayvideogamesinsteadofplayingsports.
Youngpeoplewhopassdirectlyfromschooltouniversityhavelimitedexperienceoftheworld.
Bycontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimetravelingtootherplaceshaveabroaderviewoflife.
对比论证Comparisonandcontrast
A:
具体情况反对对比
B:
过去和现在的对比
Shouldyoungadultswantindependencefromtheirparentsassoonaspossible?
TS:
Atthecontemporarysociety,moralguidanceshouldbeofferedbyparentstoensurethoseyoungfellowstorefrainfrommisleadingbyinappropriatematerials.
第一句:
如果年轻人没有适当的保护直接面对社会上所有的诱惑,他们就会比和父母生活在一起的同龄人更有可能走上犯罪道路。
Ifyoungadultsareexposedwithoutproperprotectionfromtheirparentstoallthetemptationsandevilsofsociety,theyaremorelikelytofallintoalifeofcrimethanpeopleofthesameagewhostilllivewiththeirparents.
第二句:
转折
相反,对于那些依然和父母生活的年轻人来说,他们会知道当他们有困难的时候该怎么做。
Conversely,forthosewhostillstaywiththeirfamilies,theymightbeinformedofcorrectwayswhentheyareintrouble.
论据综合实例
Somepeoplethinkthatnewsmediaisnegativeforsociety,whatisyouropinion?
Thenewsmediaistheonlywayforthepublictobeinformedofavarietyofusefulknowledgeininformationsocietyandthereisnosubstituteatthemoment.
Inthepast,andindividualhadtodealwithveryfewthingswithinonedayandthereforeitwaspossibleforhimtoknowwhathappenedaroundhiminperson.Butnowadays,withthetrendofglobalization,hecouldvirtuallydonothingwithoutthenewsmedia.Forexample,thenewsstoriesabouttheeducationpoliciesabroadandtheoverseasstudyingexperiencehaveaddictedparentsandtheirchildrentoselectthesuitableuniversitiesbeforetheyha