案例研究设计与方法Case Study Research Design and Methods文档格式.docx

案例研究设计与方法Case Study Research Design and Methods文档格式.docx

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2）Extentofcontroloverbehaviouralevents:

wheninvestigatorhasa

little/nopossibilitytocontroltheevents

3）Generalcircumstancesofthephenomenontobestudied:

contemporary

phenomenoninareal-lifecontext

Casestudyisanempiricalinquiry,inwhich:

-Focusisonacontemporaryphenomenonwithinitsreal-lifecontext&

boundariesbetweenphenomenonanditscontextarenotclearlyevident

Suitableforstudyingcomplexsocialphenomena

-Proceduralcharacteristicsinthesituationinclude:

Manyvariablesof

interest;

multiplesourcesofevidence;

theoreticalpropositionstoguidethe

collectionandanalysisofdata

-Typesofcasestudiesmightbe:

explanatory;

exploratory;

descriptive

-Designscanbesingle-ormultiple-casestudies

-Usedmethodscanbequalitative,quantitative,orboth

Typicalcriticismstowardscasestudies&

correctinganswers:

-Lackofsystematichandlingofdata->

Systematicreportingofallevidence

-Nobasisforscientificgeneralization->

Purposeistogeneralizetotheoretical

propositions,nottopopulationasinstatisticalresearch

-Taketoolong,endupwithunreadabledocuments->

Timelimits&

writing

formuladependonthechoicesofinvestigators

Casestudyresearchdesign

Centralcomponentsofacasestudydesign&

theirfunctions:

1）Astudy’squestions–“how”,“why”

2）Study’s（theoretical）propositions–pointingattention,limitingscope,

suggestingpossiblelinksbetweenphenomena

3）Study’sunitsofanalysis–mainunitsmustbeatthesamelevelasthe

studyquestions&

typicallycomparabletothosepreviouslystudied

4）Logiclinkingthedatatothepropositions–matchingpiecesof

informationtorivalpatternsthatcanbederivedfromthepropositions

5）Criteriaforinterpretingthefindings–iterationbetweenpropositions

anddata,matchingsufficientlycontrastingrivalpatternstodata;

there

isnoprecisewayofsettingthecriteria

1

Researchdesignlinksthedatatobecollectedandconclusionstobedrawntothe

initialquestionsofthestudy–itprovidesaconceptualframework&

anactionplan

forgettingfromquestionstosetofconclusions.

Preliminarytheory&

blueprintofthestudy:

havingsolvedthefivesteps

mentionedaboveleadstotheformationofaloosetheory&

ablueprintrelated

tothetopicofstudy

-Initialtheory&

understandingofwhatisbeingstudiedisnecessary

beforeanyfieldcontacts;

thecompleteresearchdesignembodiesa“theory”

ofwhatisbeingstudied

Decidingbetweenexplanatory,exploratoryanddescriptivedesigns:

-Dependsontherichnessoftherivalpropositionsintheoriesrelatedtothe

topicofthestudy;

richesttheoriesallowexplanatorydesigns

->

Searchfortheoreticalpropositionsthatcanbeelaboratedtocoverstudy

questions,propositions,unitsofanalysis,data-propositionlinks&

criteriaof

interpretation

Reviewingliterature,discussingwithinvestigators,askingchallenging

questions,thinkingwhatistobelearnedfromthestudy

Beingawareoftherangeoftheories&

selectingtherequiredlevel

（individual,organization,societal）

Constructionofthedesign/conceptualframeworktakestime&

canbe

difficult,butisacrucialstepforthesuccessofthestudy

Selectionofthecases:

-Casesshouldbeselectedinthesamewayasthetopicofanexperimentis

selected

Developedpreliminarytheoryisusedasatemplatewithwhichtocompare

thecharacteristics&

empiricalfindingsfromthecase（s）

Selectedcasesshouldreflectcharacteristics&

problemsidentifiedinthe

underlyingtheoreticalpropositions/conceptualframework

Thelevelofgeneralizationofthestudyresults=appropriatelydeveloped

preliminarytheory/studydesign

-Modeofgeneralization=theory-relatedanalyticgeneralization,not

statistical

-Analyticgeneralizationpossiblefromoneormorecases

HOWMANYOFCASES&

UNITSOFANALYSIS?

1）Case–representssomehowtheinterestingtopicofthestudyempirically（e.g.

theroleoftheUnitedStatesintheworldeconomy）2）Unitofanalysis–istheactualsourceofinformation:

individual,

organizationaldocument,artifact,forexample（e.g.thecapitalflowbetween

countries,aneconomicpolicy）

1）Cases:

A）Singlecases–ifcaseseemstorepresentacriticaltesttoexistingtheory;

rareoruniqueevents->

Importanttoselectcase&

unitofanalysisproperly

2

B）Multiplecases–ifa“replicationlogic”issupposedtorevealsup