推荐3号托福考试真题汇总Word文档格式.docx
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大意:
早期的Anasazi人,具备很强的农耕实力,早期借力于indigenousplantresources,同时由于他们的居住地拥有的动植物种类和数量都非常庞大,他们的饮食结构非常多样化。
形成的因素是:
Anasazi人很早就懂得利用高新技术研发出了一种农作物,叫做maizdeocho,这种农作物比起其他农产品,是有一种基因突变,使得它们抗旱,更好存活。
于是,后期Anasazi人的居住家园农产品产量增大,人口增加,即便是干旱的季节,他们同样可以保持耕种,唯一的缺憾是,他们没有尝试研发出新的农作物品种。
词汇题:
exploiting,strenuous,implements,justifiably
P2:
TheMycenaeanCollapse
早期的Mycenaeanculture是源于古代希腊,当年由于古希腊经济很好,城市不断扩张,贸易加剧,呈现出一份祥和繁荣景象,但是后期的Mycenaeanculture突然消失,引得大家猜测原因究竟为何?
第一种猜测理论是,由于火山喷发,岩浆喷涌而出,损毁了宫殿和大部分文明古迹,人类活动也就因此中断,不过,也有人猜测火山喷发后,岩浆并没有一次性损毁所有文明遗迹,而是一点点销毁,后期的人类就搬离家园到附近的国土建造新的居住地。
一些学者反而认为,是Dorian民族一开始侵略了古希腊的南部,后面慢慢攻下更多城池,直到一百年后完全取得对土地的所有权才导致文明失传。
从考古学的角度来看,并没有实实在在的物证表明Dorian侵略使得Mycenaean文明失传,但是社会猜测是在一次次的部落争端中,Mycenaean文明不具备优势,因为他们采取对于军事农业都有中央集权的管理政策,这样的制度非常死板不灵活,导致内部权利受损,直到文明陷落。
此外可以肯定的是,Dorian的侵略是具有毁灭性的,他们废除国王,官僚,夺下宫殿,并把财务和权利交给了并没有任何统治经验的人来管理。
此后,古希腊人四处流亡,文明就此失传。
continuous,vulnerable,perished,wasrepulsed
P3:
TheInsectSenses
昆虫感知世界的方式有很多种,本文讨论了视觉和触觉两种方式。
首先,昆虫的视觉,不像鸟类一样能感知到全景和多层细节,不过,昆虫的视觉在捕捉周围动态,各种movements时是非常快速敏感的。
其次,昆虫的视觉,跟人类,鸟类一样,能分辨出颜色,不过他们会被鲜明的颜色吸引,例如蓝色和黄色。
对于很多带有翅膀的昆虫而言,它们的眼睛分为两种:
simpleeyes和compoundeyes,往往simpleeyes更加敏感一些。
从触觉角度来看,所有的昆虫,不论成熟与否,都具备一对触觉,它们的作用是:
touch,taste,smellandperceiveinformation.
举例而言:
雄性飞蛾会利用触觉捕捉雌性飞蛾的荷尔蒙,发现磁性后就会展翅飞翔,直到找到对方为止;
对于蚊子而言,雄性蚊子会利用触觉定位雌性。
aggregate,transparent,cluster,many-segmented
听力
听力1:
prescribedburns有timeplan,在animals不是reproduce是时候进行,就没有young的会受威胁。
不在reproduction期间的话,就本身没有youngones,matureones会remove很快。
听力2:
forestgrowthwillabsorbCO2quickly,forestsgrowfasttoabsorb
听力3:
naturalfires确实有,但是没有那么大的威力。
Sampleanswer:
Thereadingandlisteningdiscussaboutprescribedburning.Thereadingpointsoutthreedisadvantagesofprescribedburning.Whereas,theprofessortotallyrefutesthethreepointspresentedinthepassage.
Firstly,theprofessorrebutsthereading'
sfirstpointthatthewildlifewillbenegativelyaffected,especiallythosewhichareyoungandprobablyunabletoescape.Theprofessorclaimsthatpeoplewillchoosetoconducttheprescribedburninginsomespecialperiod.Andduringtheseperiodsanimalsdonotreproduce.Withoutjunioranimals,theadultanimalswillbeabletofleeeasily.
Secondly,theprofessorcontradictsreading'
ssecondreasonthatthere'
scarbondioxideinthesmokereleasedduringtheburringprocess.AndtheC02willaggravatepollutionandgreenhouseeffect.Theprofessormentionsthattheprocessofgrowingtheplantscounteractsthisreleaseofcarbondioxide.Besides,theplaceforprescribedburningissmall,andtheprocessemitssmallamountofsmog,whichwillactuallybeabsorbedsoon.
Atlast,thepassagepointsoutprescribedburninghasnothingtodowithpreventingforestfiresinsomeplaces,thusthere'
snoneedtospendmoneyandenergyonprescribedburning.However,theprofessorexplainsthatit'
struethatthiswaycannotpreventanotherforestfirehappening,butthat'
sbecauseofpeople'
scarelessness.Prescribedburningsareusedtoeliminateflammablesubstances,likebranches.Andevenintheareaswherethenaturalfireoftenhappens,thefirecanbecontrolledandputouteasily,forthere'
snocombustionimprovernearby.
口语
原题:
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?
Peoplewhodevelopmanydifferentskillsaremoresuccessfulthanpeoplewhojustfocusononeskillonly.
Whenitcomestothequalitiesofsuccessfulpeople,peoplevaryingineducationbackgroundandexperiencetendtogivedistinctiveanswers.Somewouldarguethatthosewhoaresuccessfulshouldbeversatileandexcelinlotsofskillslikecommunicationskills,leadershipskillsandevenorganizationalskillswhileothersbelievethatonewhoisexceptionalinoneareaismorelikelytobesuccessful.Ipersonallybelievethataversatilepersonwithvariousskillsetscanbemoresuccessful.
Admittedly,asthesayinggoesJackofalltradesandmasterofnoneandtherearerarecaseswheresomepeoplewhoareexpertinonlyonefieldstandout.However,itismorecommonforversatilepeoplewithmultipleskillstobesuccessfulbecauseofthefollowingreasons.
Firstofall,peoplewhoaretalentedandversatilearemorecompetitiveandcompetentintheircareer,andtheyenjoybetterchangetobepromotedinaprofessionalsetting.Actually,alotofpositionsrequireacombinationofskillsets,suchaspayingattentiontodetails,knowledgeinaspecificfieldandcommunicationskills,etc.Indeed,moreskillswillgivesomeonemorechancetogetpromoted.Forinstance,ifacomputerprogrammerjustknowshowtowriteprogramandfocusesonlyonthetechnicalsideofthejob,chancesarethathewouldnevergetpromoted.Ontheotherhand,ifnotonlydoesthecomputerprogrammerhaveprogrammingskillsbutalsoheisageniuspeople-wise,hemightgetab