equivalencePPT课件下载推荐.ppt

equivalencePPT课件下载推荐.ppt

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Equivalence,RogerT.Bell:

@#@translationistheexpressioninanotherlanguage（ortargetlanguage）ofwhathasbeenexpressedinanother,sourcelanguage,preservingsemanticandstylisticequivalences.,EquivalenceTheoryTheconceptofequivalenceisquitecontroversial.Scholarshavedifferentexplorationsabouttranslationequivalence.Amongtheseexplorations,iwillexplaintheequivalencetheoriesofNidaandJinDi.,一、EquivalencetheoryofNidaNidaisknownfordynamicequivalence.Dynamicequivalencederivesfrom“theprincipleofequivalenceeffect”.,Inatranslationthattrytoproducedynamicequivalence,thetranslatorissupposedtochangehisfocusfrommatchingthereceptor-languagemessagewiththesourcelanguagemessagetoadynamicrelationship,Nida：

@#@“therelationshipbetweenreceptormessageshouldbesubstantiallythesameasthatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage”.,“onewayofdefiningaDE（Dynamicequivalence）translationistodescribeitastheclosestnaturalequivalencetothesource-languagemessage”,Thistypeofdefinitioncontainsthreeterms:

@#@

（1）Equivalent,whichpointstothesource-languagemessage

（2）Natural,whichpointstothereceptorlanguage（3）Closest,whichbindsthetwoorientationstogetheronthebasisofthehighestdegreeofapproximation,

（1）Thetermequivalencefocusonthesource-languagemessage.Thecontentofsourcelanguagemessageisimportant.Themessageofsourcelanguageisthestartingpointandthecheckingstandardoftranslation.,Forexample:

@#@灭火器=fireextinguisherTheChinese灭火器andtheEnglishFireextinguisherrefertothesameobject,andbothofthemareinaccordancewiththeirlanguagerespectively.,

（2）Theterm“natural”isthekeypointofDE.Nidathinksthewordnaturalisapplicabletothreeareasofthecommunicativeprocess.Foranaturalrenderingmustfitthereceptorlanguageandcultureasawholeisanessentialingredientinanystylisticallyacceptablerendering.Languageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.,Alanguageisalwaysapartofcultureandthemeaningofanytextrefersdirectlyorindirectlytothecorrespondingculture.Finally,wordsonlyhavemeaningintermsofthecorrespondingculture.,Nida:

@#@“BilingualcompetencehasalmostalwaysbeenregardedasanessentialrequirementfortranslatorsFortrulysuccessfultranslating,biculturalismisevenmoreimportantthanbilingualism,sincewordsonlyhavemeaningsintermofculturesinwhichtheyfunction”.,Sotheneedtoovercometheculturalbarriersintranslationisgreaterthanthattoovercomelanguagebarriers.ItisnecessaryforadynamicequivalencetranslationtomakesuretoadjustthemessagetotheTLcontext.,（3）Theterm“closest”isthecombinationoftheabovetwoelements.AsNidaclaims,itbindsthetwoorientationstogetheronthebasisofthehighestdegreeofapproximation.Theequivalencebetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageisnotalwayspossible.Thuswhatatranslatorcandoistobalancethetwotoapossiblehighestdegreeofapproximation.,Nidaoffersthreefundamentalcriteriawhicharebasictotheevaluationofalltranslating,andindifferentwayshelptodeterminetherelativemeritofparticulartranslations.Theseare

（1）generalefficiencyofthecommunicationprocess.

（2）comprehensionoftheintent（3）equivalenceofresponse.,二、EquivalenceTheoryofJinDiTherearethreeimportanttheoriesinJinDistheory：

@#@,1、Theconceptofthereceptor.Thetheorystressesthereceptorofthetranslatedtext,butitdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthereceptorismoreimportantthantheauthor.InsteadoffocusingonthecomparisonoftheSLtextandtheTLtext,thetheoryofequivalenteffectstressesthecomparisonbetweenthetwocommunicatingprocess.,Thetranslatingprocessisaccomplishedonlywhenthetranslatedtextisacceptedbythereaders.Otherwise,thetranslationisinvain.Allcommunicationistwoway.,2、Theconceptoftheeffect.Itmeansthatthereceptorisacceptedbythetransferredinformationinthetranslatedtext,fromunderstandingtotheexperienceandthentofeelings,thesameoralmostthesameasthoseofthesourcetextreaders.Inthecommunicativetranslationofvocativetexts,equivalenteffectisnotonlydesirable,butalsoessential.,Itisthecriterionbywhichtheeffectiveness,andthereforethevalue,ofthetranslationofnotices,instructions,publicityistobeassessed.Effectisthebasicelementofavocativetext,3、Theconceptoftheequivalence.Equivalenceisamorescientifictermthanfaithfulness.Theformerismoreobjectiveandimpartial,referringtothequalityofthetranslatedtext,whilethelatterismoresubjective,referringtothetranslatorsattitude.,Theequivalenteffectscontainmanyaspects,includinglexical,semantic,pragmaticlevel,subtletiesandovertoneswhichareimpliedincultureandthought.Itisanoverallequivalentbetweentwolanguagesandcultures.,Pragmaticequivalence：

@#@Tounderst