初中英语中考前必备知识总结doc文档格式.docx
《初中英语中考前必备知识总结doc文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语中考前必备知识总结doc文档格式.docx(30页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
的)
物
性
my
our
your
his
its
their
名
词
mine
ours
yours
hers
theirs
反身代词
自
己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselve
s
herse
If
himself
itself
themselv
es
2•可数名词的复数
构成
举例
1
在名词后面加s
Americans,Germans,apples,bananas
2
以s,x,sh,ch,结尾的,加es
boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,foxesbuses
3
以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
baby-babies^family-families^duty-duties,comedy-comedies,
4
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加S
day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,way-ways
5
以0结尾加S(外来词);
但如是辅音加o的加es
radios,photoszoostomatoes,potatoesheroes
6
以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es
thief,wife,shelf,knife,loaf,leaf,wolf,half,
7
一般只有复数,没有单数的有
clothes;
p01ice.people,crew,staff,police;
pants,shorts,shoes,
glasses,gloves,socks,trouses;
scissors;
(由两部分组成的东西)
8
特殊形式的有
child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,
sheep-sheep;
man-men,womawomen,policeman・policemen,
Englishman・Englishmen
10
如果是由man或woman所组成的合成
词的复数,则前后两个词都要变为复数
mandoctor—mendoctors:
womanteacher-・\vomenteachers
11
既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集
合名词
class班,同学;
family家,家庭成员;
organization机构;
army军队;
audience观众;
enemy敌人;
navy海军;
committee委员会;
group,team.
12
单复数相同
fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese
13
单复数意思不同
nsh鱼
类,
fishes鱼的种
paper纸
论文
papers报纸,卷子,
work工作
工厂
works作品,
glass玻璃
镜
glasses玻璃杯,眼
orange桔子水
oranges橙子
light光线
lights灯
cloth布
clothes衣服
people人
peoples民族
time时间
次数
times时代,
chicken鸡肉
chickens小鸡
water水
公海
waters水域;
wood木板;
woods树林
14
常用的不可数名词
water,milk,fruitymeat,food,paper,air;
weather,rice,ice,furniture
家具
sheep羊肉,fish鱼肉(动物表示肉类)
3•名词所有格(某人/物“的”东西)
单数:
在后面加勺
brother'
Mike\teachert
复数:
以s结尾的直接在s后加,,
不以S结尾的,加1
Teacher計Day教师节classmates5books同学们的书籍
Children^Day六一节Women9sDay三八节
动词+ed的构成方式
直接在词尾加ed
work-worked;
play-played;
want-wanted;
act-acted
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词,直接加d
live-lived;
move-moved;
taste-tasted;
hope-hoped,
以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i再加ed
study-studied;
copy-copied;
cry-cried;
carry-carried
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加ed
stopplanfitreferprefercanceltravelquarreldrop
4•动词+ing的构成方式
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词,要去掉e
再加ing
make-makingswrite-writing,skate-skatingsclose-closing,
come-coming,take-takingshave-having,dance-dancing,live-living;
hope-hoping
若结尾的e发音,就不能去掉
see-seeing
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加ing
run-runningsswim-swimming,get-gettingssit-sitting,put-puttingsbegin-beginning,hit-hittingsstop-stoppingsforget一forgetting
在少数几个以ie结尾的动词后:
须将ie变作y,再加ingo
die-dying;
tie-tying,lie-lying躺/位于lie—lied■“lied—lying
撒谎
lie…lay…lain—lying躺/位于
lay…laid…laid…laying下蛋/放
5•时态语态公式
时态
主动
被动be+done(过去分词)
1・一般现在时
do/does
am/is/aredone
2.一般过去时
①did②usedtodo
was/weredone
3.—般将来时
①will/shalldo②am/is/aregoingtodo
will/shallbedone
4.现在进行时
am/is/aredoing
am/is/arebeingdone
5.过去进行时
vvas/weredoing
was/werebeingdone
6.将来进行时
willbedoing
willbedone
7.现在完成时
have/hasdone
have/hasbeendone
8.过去完成时
haddone
hadbeendone
9.将来完成时
willhavedone
willhavebeendone
10.现在完成进行时
have/hasbeendoing
11.过去将来时
woulddo
wouldbedone
6•主动/被动
被动:
be+done
(be-am/is/are・\vas/were・being・been)
1.一般现在时
Idomyhomeworkeveryday
Myhomeworkisdone(byme)everyday.
Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.
Myhomeworkwasdone(byme)yesterday.
3.一般将来时
Iwilldomyhomeworktomorovv.
Myhomeworkwillbedone(byme)tomorrow.
Iamdoingmyhomeworknow<
Myhomeworkisbeingdonenow.
Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat3:
00yesterdayafternoon.
Myhomeworkwasbeingdoneat3:
00yesterdayafternoon
6・将来进行时
Iwillbedoingmyhomeworktomorrow.
Myhomeworkwillbedonetomorrow.
Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.
Myhomeworkhasalreadybeendone.
Ihaddonemyhomeworkbeforeyesterdayafternoon.
Myhomeworkhadbeendonebeforeyesterdayafternoon
Iwillhavedonemyhomeworktomorrow.
Myhomeworkwillhavebeendonetomorrow.
10.现在完成进行
时
Ihavebeendoingahalfofmyhomework.
Myhomeworkhasbeendoneahalf.
IsaidthatIwoulddomyhomeworknextweek.
Isaidthatmyhomeworkwouldbedonenextweek.
7•不规则动词巧记表
AAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
cut
切、割、剪
shut
关、闭(门
窗)
put
放置
hurt
受伤;
疼痛
let
让
cost
值…钱;
花
费
set
设置
read
朗读;
阅读
hit
撞击;
打
spread
展开;
铺开
AA