高中英语创新方案外研版必修5讲义module 43含答案Word格式.docx
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5.句5用了过去完成时的被动语态,其结构为“had+been+过去分词”。
[语法剖析]
语法点一
被动语态的基本时态变化
1.各种时态的被动语态的构成
如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词使用主动语态;
如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词用被动语态。
时态
动词的被动形式
例句
一般现在时
am/is/aredone
Heisaskedtodothis.
一般过去时
was/weredone
Thestorywastoldbyhermother.
一般将来时
willbedone
Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.
现在进行时
am/is/are
beingdone
Thebridgeisbeingbuilt.
过去进行时
was/were
Atthattimethedeskwasbeingrepaired.
现在完成时
have/has
beendone
Thehousehasbeenbuilt.
过去完成时
hadbeendone
Theysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.
过去将来时
wouldbedone
Hesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把间接宾语变为主语;
如果把直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
Hegavehersomemoney.
→Shewasgivensomemoneybyhim.
→Somemoneywasgiventoherbyhim.
(2)“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。
Theteachercaughttheboysmokingacigarette.
→Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarettebytheteacher.
(3)使役动词have,make与感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时,在变为被动结构时,要将to还原。
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.
→Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuildingbysomeone.
集中演练1
1-1.单句语法填空
①Peopleare_warned(warn)tobecarefulofthetrafficwhentheycrosstheroad.
②Alectureaboutthechoiceofcareersis_being_given(give)inourclassroomnow.
③Twothousandwordshad_been_learnt(learn)bytheendoflastterm.
④Amedicalteamwill_be_sent(send)totheflood-strickenareatomorrow.
⑤Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwere_taken(take)tothehospital.
⑥Thiskindofchocolatehas_been_made(make)severaltimes.
⑦Hesaidtheworkwould_be_finished(finish)inhalfanhour.
⑧—HavetheGreensmovedintotheirnewhousealready?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.ButIwastoldthatitwas_being_decorated(decorate)whenImetthemlastweek.
1-2.完成句子
⑨Thebookhas_been_published(已经出版)andyoucanbuyitinthelocallibrary.
⑩MrYangwas_forced_to_leave(被迫离开)hismotherlandforpoliticalreasonsin1969.
⑪Thecaptainkepthispromisethathewouldreturntotheislandwherethecrewhad_been_left(被留下).
⑫Thesongspeciallywrittenbyhimselfforhisweddingis_being_performed(正在被演奏)now.
⑬Today,nearly400animalsare_listed_as(被列为)endangeredanimalsintheUnitedStates.
语法点二
主动形式表示被动意义
1.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)有些动词如write,read,sell,wash等,既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用表示主语的内在品质或性能时是不及物动词,用主动形式表示被动意义。
Theclothwasheseasily.
这布很好洗。
Thenewproductsellswell.
这个新产品很畅销。
(2)系动词如feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等,一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
Thematerialfeelsverysoft.
这种材料摸起来很软。
Thefoodtastesdelicious.
这种食物尝起来味道很好。
(3)不及物动词或不及物动词短语如appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等以主动形式表示被动意义。
Thewarbrokeoutin1886.
那场战争爆发于1886年。
Finally,hisdreamcametrue,whichmadehimveryexcited.
最后,他的梦想实现了,这使他很兴奋。
2.非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词need,require,want和beworth后可加v.-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。
Mywatchdoesn'
twork;
itneedsrepairing.
我的手表坏了,需要修理。
Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
(2)在“主语+谓语(系动词)+表语(形容词)+todo”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
该结构中常用的形容词有:
easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,heavy等。
Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.
这个问题很难回答。
Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?
你认为这水喝着安全吗?
(3)不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。
Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.
今天下午我有很多事情要做。
集中演练2
2-1.单句语法填空
①Thepenwrites(write)smoothly.
②Atrafficaccidenthappened(happen)nearourschoollastnight.
③I'
llgotothesupermarket.Doyouhaveanythingto_be_bought(buy)?
④Ithinkitisyourhusbandwhoisto_blame(blame)foryourspoiledchild.
⑤Thebookisdifficultto_understand(understand).
⑥Thesechildrenrequireslooking/to_be_looked(look)after.
2-2.单句改错
⑦Hedoesnothaveabicycle;
theoneheisusingisbelongedtoPeter.is_belonged→belongs
⑧Themeetingwaslastedfornearlyfourhoursandmanypeoplefeltsleepy.去掉was
⑨Theredcarwasdisappearedatthecornerofthestreet.去掉was
⑩Iceisfeltcoldtous.is_felt→feels
⑪Thelittleboywasmadedoheavyworkbytheboss.do前加to
⑫Themachineneedstorepair.to_repair→repairing/to_be_repaired
⑬ThenewfilmZootopiaisworthtobe