语法大全直接引语变间接引语的用法文档格式.docx
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“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称,如:
He saidto Kate."Howisyoursisternow?
"
→Heasked Kate howhersisterwasthen。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr.Smithsaid:
"
Jackis agoodworker。
→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasa good worker。
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;
过去时态改为完成时;
过去完成时则保留原来的时态。
如:
1)Shesaid."
Ihavelost apen."
→Shesaid she hadlostapen.
2) She said."Wehopeso."
→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
3) She said."
Hewillgotoseehisfriend。
→Shesaid hewouldgo toseehisfriend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。
在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"Theearth moves aroundthesun andthemoonmoves aroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteacher toldmethe earth movesaroundthesunandthemoon movesaroundthe earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。
如:
Jacksaid. “John,wherewereyou goingwhenImet youin the street?
”→JackaskedJohnwhere he wasgoingwhenhe methim in thestreet。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
XiaoWangsaid. "
Iwas bornonApril20,1980。
→Xiao WangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。
Hesaid,"
Iget upatsixevery morning。
→Hesaid hegetsupatsix everymorning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
oughtto,hadbetter, usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could,should, would,might)不再变。
Peter said."
Youhadbettercomehavetoday。
"→PetersaidI hadbetter gotherethatday。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规则,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:
now变为then,yesterday变为the daybefore)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:
this改为that),如:
Thesebooks aremine."
→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,"
Ourbus willarrivein five minutes."
→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarrive infiveminutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:
Hesaid, "
Canyouswim,John?
→He askedJohnifhecouldswim.
You havefinishedthehomework,haven‘t you?
my motherasked.→Mymotheraskedme whetherIhadfinishedthehomework.
Doyougotoschoolbybusorby bike?
→HeaskedmeifIwentto school bybus orby bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She asked me,"
Whendotheyhave theirdinner?
"→Sheaskedme when theyhadtheirdinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth."
句型。
Don’t make any noise,"
shesaidtothe children.→Shetold (ordered) the children not to makeanynoise.
Bring mea cupoftea,please,"
said she.→Sheaskedhim tobringheracupoftea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。
”如:
Hesaid," Let’sgotothefilm."
→Hesuggestedgoingto thefilm.或He suggestedthattheyshould go toseethefilm.
引述别人的话有两种方式:
一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;
一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。
例如:
John said, "
I’m goingto Londonwith myfather."
约翰说:
"我要和父亲到伦敦去。
(引号内是直接引语)
Johnsaidthat hewasgoing toLondonwith hisfather.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。
(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1、直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。
YouareyoungerthanI.”He said(that) Iwasyounger than him.
2、直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:
主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know,wanttoknow,be notsure, bepuzzled等。
(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,"
Doyouoftencomehereto read newspapers?
→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.
She asked me,"
Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?
→Sheaskedmewhether(或if )I hadseenthefilm.
(2)选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
Iaskedhim,"
Willyou stay athomeorgotoafilm tonight?
→Iasked himwhether hewouldstay athomeorgoto afilmthat night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Heasked,"Wheredoyou live?
→Heaskedmewhere Ilived.
3、直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask,tell, beg,order,warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don’t 变为not).
Theteachersaidtotheboy,"
Open thewindow." →The teacher toldthe boy toopenthewindow.
Hisfathersaidto him,“Don’t leavethedooropen.” →Hisfather toldhim not toleave thedooropen.
[注意]
(1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。
Hesaid,"
Let’sgotothe theatre."
→He suggested(our)goingto thetheatre.或He suggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.
(2)"
Wouldyou mindopeningthewindow?
heasked.
→Heasked metoopenthewindow.
"Whydon’t youtakeawalk aftersupper?
"he asked.
→he advisedmeto takeawalkaftersupper.
Shallwelistentothe music?
heasked.
→Hesuggested listeningtothe music.
4、直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what或how 引导,也可以用that引导。
Shesaid,"
What alovelydayit is!
→Shesaidwhat alovelydayitwas.或Shesaid thatitwas