浅析英汉翻译中的不对等性Word格式.docx
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Abstract
EugeneA.Nida,theAmericaneminenttheoreticianontranslationproposedthestandardoftranslation--"
functionalequivalence"
.Headvocatedthetranslationsandtheoriginalsfortheequivalenceonfunctionofthelanguage,ratherthanontheformalofthelanguage.PeterNewmark,theEnglisheducatorandtheoristontranslationalsomentionedthat"
Inmyview,'
equivalent'
isnotsomuchthepurposeofanytranslation,butadesirableresult."
Bothofthetranslationscholarsmentionedabovehaveindicatedtotheneedfortranslationof"
equivalent"
butinrealityitisverydifficulttograsp,becausethetranslationisoneofthemostcomplexandmostdifficultactivities,itinvolvespeople'
scognitive,aesthetic,language,culturalawareness,translationknowledgeandmanyotherfactors.Equivalentisjustanidealstateweareinthepursuitofinthetranslationofpractice,whichcouldnotachieveinourreality.
Inthisessay,IdescribetheinequivalenceinEnglish-Chinesetranslationfromfouraspects--thevocabulary,partofspeech,thinkingdifferencesandculturaldifferences,andputforwardthemethodthathowtohandletherelationshipbetweeninequivalenceandequivalencetoachievethebestresultsbyanglicizingconcreteexamples.
Keywords:
Chinese-Englishtranslation;
inequivalence;
中文摘要
美国当代著名的翻译理论家尤金.奈达(EugeneA.Nida)提出了“功能对等”(functionalequivalence)的翻译标准,他主张让Translation和原文在语言的功能上对等,而不是在语言的形式上对应。
英国翻译教育家和理论家彼得.纽马克(PeterNewmark)也曾提到“在我看来,‘等效’与其说是任何翻译的目的,还不如说是一种可取的结果。
”这两位翻译学者都提及翻译中需要“对等”,但是在现实当中却是很难把握的,因为翻译是人类最复杂、最困难的活动之一,它涉及人的认知、审美、语言文化素养、对翻译的认识等诸多因素,这种“对等”只是人们在翻译实践活动中所追求的一种理想状态,要达到绝对的对等是不可能的。
本文主要先阐述英汉翻译中不对等性的定义,从词汇、语序、思维差异、文化差异等4个方面阐述了英汉翻译中存在的不对等现象,而且以具体实例为切入点,提出在翻译过程中如何处理好对等与不对等的辩证关系,以求达到最佳的翻译效果。
关键词:
汉英翻译;
不对等性;
解决
1.Introduction
Asweallknow,translationisakindofcross-language,cross-culturalcommunicativeactivitythatusesalanguagetoexpressthemeaninginanotherlanguagetoconveythemtomeettheneedsofcommunicationthoughtsandculturestopromotethesocialcivilization,inparticular,topromoteathrivingtargetlanguagecultureandtheEnglishtranslationisanactivitythatthetranslatorconvertstheEnglishtextwrittenforEnglishreaderstotheChinesereaders.
Inatext,wecanexpressitsmainsignificancewithanotherlanguage,butitisabsolutelyimpossibletoachieve100percentofthe"
equivalent"
and"
faithful"
asanykindoflanguagewillbeinfluencedbyitsspecificcultural.GuanShijie,theprofessorinDepartmentofJournalismandCommunicationofBeijingUniversity,mentionedthat"
Translationisnotcompletelypossible,andcompletelytheimpossibleisnot.alltheworld'
stranslationactivitiesareconductedinthesetwoextremes."
inhisbookcross-culturalstudy.
.Headvocatedthetranslationsandtheoriginalsfortheequivalenceonfunctionofthelanguage,ratherthanontheformalofthelanguage.Hisbook“translationtheoryandmethod"
,whichwrittenbyhimselfandCharlesRTaber,tellsthatthetranslationisfromthesemantictothestyleinthetargetlanguageusingthemostproximateandmostnaturalreproductionoftheoriginallanguageoftheotherlanguageinformation.BothFanCunzhong'
s"
accurate"
andTaberandNida’smeaningof"
reciprocity"
theyonlyreflectakindoftranslationcommunityvisionandgoals.Onelanguageiscompletelyre-expressthemselvespossiblewithanotherlanguage,butentirelyaccurateisimpossible.Languageistheshellofthinking,humanthinkingisdecidedbytheexist.Aseachlanguagehasitsownuniquenationalhistory,nationalcultureandnationalpsychologybackground.Therefore,thisgulfbetweentheChineseandEnglishisself-evident.
2.Literaturereview
EnglishTranslationoftheunequalnatureofthesubjectinaforeigncountryhasmoreinresearch,particularlyintheforeigntranslationindustry,whichonthissubjectmorein-depthanalysisandresearch,foreignstudyforthisissuetofocusonfromthenationalandculturaldifferences,theasymmetryoflanguage.Domesticandexoticculturaldifferencesandtrytomakethesedifferencesdisappearinthetranslationprocess,whileinthetargetlanguagetofindaccuratewordstoaforeigncultureisreproducedinthetargetlanguage.Americancontemporarytranslationtheorists-Eugene.Nida(EugeneA.Nida)proposedthe"
Functional"
(functionalequivalence)thetranslationofstandardsontranslationindustryhasanimportantinfluence.
Apartfromculturaldifferencestoproveunequalnatureoftranslation,thetrans