语言学名词解释94394文档格式.docx

语言学名词解释94394文档格式.docx

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Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

3. 

Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..

4. 

Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.

5. 

Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.

6. 

Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

7. 

Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.

8. 

Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

9. 

Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.

10. 

Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.

11. 

Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.

12. 

Arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds

13. 

Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

14. 

Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker

15. 

Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.

16. 

Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication

17. 

Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'

sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,

18. 

Performance:

performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.

19. 

Langue:

Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;

Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;

Langueisrelativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently

20. 

Parole:

Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;

paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;

parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.45.phonology:

Phonologystudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage;

itaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.

21.phoneme:

Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalledphoneme;

itisaunitofdistinctivevalue.Butitisanabstractunit.Tobeexact,aphonemeisnotasound;

itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

22.allophone:

Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.

23.internationalphoneticalphabet:

Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription. 

24.intonation:

Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.

25.phonetics:

Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;

itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'

slanguages

26.auditoryphonetics:

Itstudiesthespeechsoundsfromthehearer'

spointofview.Itstudieshowthesoundsareperceivedbythehear-er.

27.acousticphonetics:

Itstudiesthespeechsoundsbylookingatthesoundwaves.Itstudiesthephysicalmeansbywhichspeechsoundsaretransmittedthroughtheairfromonepersontoanother.

528.phone:

Phonescanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.Itdoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning.

529.phonemiccontrast:

Phonemiccontrastreferstotherelationbetweentwophonemes.Iftwophonemescanoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning,theyareinphonemiccontrast.

30.tone:

Tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcords.

31.minimalpair:

Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,