考研英语真题与解析文档格式.docx
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2
short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,
3
heartrateandoxygenconsumption.
Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto
4
agoodlaughisunlikelytohave
5
benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
6
insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe
7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8
muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp
9
theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceother
typesof
10
feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.
11
oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted
12
physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19th
centurythathumansdonotcry
13
theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso
14
tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow
15
muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWü
rzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto
16
apeneitherwiththeirteeth–therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）
17
expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles
18
moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,
19
thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.
20
thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]
among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]
reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]
produce
3.[A]
stabilizing[B]
boosting[C]
impairing[D]determining
4.[A]
transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]
measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]
Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]
opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]
hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]
relaxes
9.[A]
aggravate[B]generate[C]
moderate[D]
enhance
10.[A]
physical[B]
mental[C]subconscious[D]
internal
11.[A]
Exceptfor[B]
According
to[C]Due
to[D]
Asfor
12.[A]
with[B]on[C]
in[D]
at
13.[A]
unless[B]until[C]if[D]
because
14.[A]
exhausts[B]follows[C]
precedes[D]
suppresses
15.[A]
into[B]
from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]
fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]
hold
17.[A]
disappointed[B]
excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]
adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]
suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlan
Gilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome
Times
readersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;
moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceoftheliste
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