托福阅读真题解析Word文件下载.docx

托福阅读真题解析Word文件下载.docx

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AncientGreeksarcedgroves希腊圣林

讲古希腊精神文明和自然有关，尊重自然和宗教信仰有关，他们把神龛建在树木植物多的地方。

不仅古希腊人这样，欧洲其他地方的人也有类似文化，举了欧洲人用树作为神灵的例子。

然后讲了希腊人认为god真实存在，最后谈到保护问题（有一道句子简化题，与亚里士多德和goldenage有关。

补充版本二：

有关AncientGreeksarcedgroves。

讲它怎么跟神有关了，希腊人怎么敬畏他，又跟别人怎么不一样了（神住在林子里，在地上不是天上）又说希腊人不孤单，别的地方也有把林子供起来的，还有这个groves是imperfect的，因为神化后添了别的东西，不自然了。

还有因此希腊人特别注重保护林子。

解析：

本文属古代文明相关话题，所考察的希腊文明在托福过去考试中曾以多种不同角度进行过考察，因其对于欧美文化发展的意义极为重大。

下附关于希腊圣林的介绍。

SacredGroves–theSecretPowerofTrees

Sacredgrovesofoliveandothertreeswereanintrinsicpartofearlyreligion.Theywerethemeetingpointsoftheworldofthegodsandtheworldofthehumans,themortals.Herepriestsofferedanimalsacrificetopleasethegods,linkingtheworldoftheordinarywiththatoftheinvisibleandthespiritual.AccordingtoPlinytheElderinHistorianaturalis:

BookXII,thetreesformedthefirsttemplesofthegods,andevenatthepresentday,thecountrypeople,preservinginalltheirsimplicitytheirancientrites,consecratethefinestamongtheirtreestosomedivinity….eachkindoftreeremainsimmutablyconsecratedtoitsownpeculiardivinity,thebeechtoJupiter,thelaureltoApollo,theolivetoMinerva,themyrtletoVenus,andthepoplartoHercules:

besideswhich,itisourbeliefthattheSylvans,theFauns,andvariouskindsofgoddessNymphs,havethetutelageofthewoods,andwelookuponthosedeitiesasespeciallyappointedtopresideoverthembythewillofheaven.

TheancientGreeksandtheRomanswerenottheonlypeopletoholdthetreesacred.Sacredgroveswere,andcanstillbefoundscatteredasfarafieldasIndia,theMiddleEast,Africa,JapanandanyregionwithCelticancestry.CelticsacredgroveswerecalledNemetons,orNemeta.Theywerethemeetingplacesofthedruidswhopreferredtoperformtheirritualsintheopenair.Manyconsideredthemno-goareaswhereonlytheinitiatedcouldventuresafely.

TheancientRomanpoetLucandescribedasacredgrovenearmodern-dayMarseilleslikethis:

nobirdnestedinthenemeton,nordidanyanimallurknearby;

theleavesconstantlyshiveredthoughnobreezestirred.Altarsstoodinitsmidst,andtheimagesofthegods.Everytreewasstainedwithsacrificialblood.theveryearthgroaned,deadyewsrevived;

unconsumedtreesweresurroundedwithflame,andhugeserpentstwinedroundtheoaks.Thepeoplefearedtoapproachthegrove,andeventhepriestwouldnotwalkthereatmiddayormidnightlestheshouldthenmeetitsdivineguardian.

第二篇

TOPIC彗星

先说comet不好预测，有的周期长有的短，短的可以看见，然后两个图介绍彗星结构（头部有两个部分加tail），然后说彗星在地球周围没有尾巴很小，接近太阳时就被磁场和太阳风搞大了还多了尾巴。

然后对比longperiodcomet和short的，一个轨道圆，和行星在一个平面，容易被otherplanet影响从而innersolarsystem，另一个椭圆，不在一个plane，最后一段讲了哈雷彗星，76年一次，最后30次中国人都记录了，但17XX哈雷才认为这是一个彗星。

本文属天文学话题，是托福阅读常考话题之一。

在TPO中天文学文章并未涉及彗星，但有若干篇文章与其话题类似，如谈到陨石、小行星、太阳系行星等，都可以作为借鉴阅读的内容。

从考生回忆来看，普遍对本文回忆得较为完整，说明该文章并不难读。

下附关于comet的全面介绍性文章。

Comets:

Formation,DiscoveryandExploration

Comets–Overview

Acometisanicybodythatreleasesgasordust.Theyareoftencomparedtodirtysnowballs,thoughrecentresearchhasledsomescientiststocallthemsnowydirtballs.Cometscontaindust,ice,carbondioxide,ammonia,methaneandmore.SomeresearchersthinkcometsmighthaveoriginallybroughtsomeofthewaterandorganicmoleculestoEarththatnowmakeuplifehere.

Cometsorbitthesun,butmostarebelievedtoinhabitinanareaknownastheOortCloud,farbeyondtheorbitofPluto.Occasionallyacometstreaksthroughtheinnersolarsystem;

somedosoregularly,someonlyonceeveryfewcenturies.Manypeoplehaveneverseenacomet,butthosewhohavewon'

teasilyforgetthecelestialshow.

Thesolidnucleusorcoreofacometconsistsmostlyoficeanddustcoatedwithdarkorganicmaterial,withtheicecomposedmainlyoffrozenwaterbutperhapsotherfrozensubstancesaswell,suchasammonia,carbondioxide,carbonmonoxideandmethane.Thenucleusmighthaveasmallrockycore.

Asacometgetsclosertothesun,theiceonthesurfaceofthenucleusbeginsturningintogas,formingacloudknownasthecoma.Radiationfromthesunpushesdustparticlesawayfromthecoma,formingadusttail,whilechargedparticlesfromthesunconvertsomeofthecomet'

sgasesintoions,forminganiontail.Sincecomettailsareshapedbysunlightandthesolarwind,theyalwayspointawayfromthesun.

Thenucleiofmostcometsarethoughttomeasure10miles（16km）orless.Somecometshavecomasthatcanreachnearly1millionmiles（1.6millionkilometers）wide,andsomehavetailsreaching100millionmiles（160millionkilometers）long.

Wecanseeanumberofcometswiththenakedeyewhentheypassclosetothesunbecausetheircomasandtailsreflectsunlightorevenglowbecauseofenergytheyabsorbfromthesun.However,mostcometsaretoosmallortoofainttobeseenwithoutatelescope.

Cometsleaveatrailofdebris