初中定语从句详解及练习附答案汇编Word文档下载推荐.docx
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定语从句的引导词分为两类,关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why),引导词在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,即连接先行词和定语从句,更重要的是,它又在定语从句中作一个成分。
(三).关系代词
1.that指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.
HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.
2.which指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定语,或者代替前句
Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.
3.who指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。
Thepersonwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.
ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.
4.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。
Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.
5.whose指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。
Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.
Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.
注:
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(四).关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.
I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.
2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/in/to/which.
Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.
3.why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于forwhich.
That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.
第二部分:
关系代词的特殊用法
(一)关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:
1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,
none,few等不定代词时。
E.g.:
MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidn’t.
2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。
e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.
3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。
e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.
4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。
e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)
ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)
6.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。
e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
7.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。
e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?
8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。
e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.
Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe
9.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。
e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday?
(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。
1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。
e.g.Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。
e.g.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldcomeontime.
3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语
从句既可用that也可用who引导。
e.g.Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.
(三)关系代词whose的用法:
1.whose在从句中作定语,表示“先行词的…”,既可指人,也可指物。
e.g.Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.
Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.
Theboss,inwhosecompanymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.
2.whose可以转换为ofwhich(物)和ofwhom(人)。
e.g.1)thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.
(划线部分可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)
2)TheyalsoinvitedMr.Wang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.
(划线部分可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)
(四)which的特殊用法:
1.关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。
特别注意,非限定定语从句中prep+which时,which只能指代先行词,不可以指代句子。
e.g.1)InChina,yousometimesgetahotdampclothtocleanyourfaceandhands,which,however,isnotthecustominwesterncountries.
2)Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.
2.which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。
e.g.1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedEnglishwell.
2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon’tgofishing.
注意:
which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。
whose表示“先行词的…”。
e.g.They’retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.
3.以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词前置。
e.g.1)TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.
2)Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.
注:
如果先行词指人,关系代词用whom。
e.g.IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.
(五)关系代词as的用法:
1.引导限制性定语从句:
当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as;
as在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语。
e.g.1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.
2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.
比较:
Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.
(此句为such/so…that引导的结果状语从句)
3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.
4).Heboughtthes