英语学术论文写作引言ppt优质PPT.ppt

英语学术论文写作引言ppt优质PPT.ppt

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,Withoutanintroductionitissometimesverydifficultforyourreaderstofigureoutwhatyouaretryingtosay.Thereneedstobeathreadofanideathattheywillfollowthroughyourpaper.,Whatisthesubjectabout?

WhyI（we）carriedouttheexperiment,thatistosay,whatistheproblem?

Howdowesolvetheproblem?

What,How,Why,ThefunctionofIntroduction,Toanswerthebasicquestions,Whendowewritetheintroduction?

Manybooksrecommendwritingyourintroductionlast,afteryoufinishyourproject.Thisistomakesurethatyouintroducewhatyouareactuallygoingtosay.,2.如何写引言,2.1引言的组成2.2引言的特点2.3引言的结构与布局2.4引言实例,ThecontentofanIntroduction,Introduction,Basicrequirement,StructuralLayoutofIntroduction,1.1Introducingthegeneralresearchareaincludingitsbackground,importance,andpresentlevelofdevelopment,1.2Reviewingpreviousresearchinthisarea,Indicatingtheproblemthathasnotbeensolvedbypreviousresearch,raisingarelevantquestion,Specifyingthepurposeofyourresearch,4.1Announcingyourmajorfindings,4.2Outliningthecontentsofyourpaper,OneTemplate,a）题X是重要的。

b）前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题。

c）A、B有一些缺陷。

d）我们提出了方法D。

e）D的基本特征，和A、B进行比较。

f）实验证明D比A、B优越。

g）研究前景。

Thebackgroundinformation,3.引言部分的语言特征,3.1引言部分的时态与语态3.2引言部分常用的句型3.3引言部分常用的词语3.4引言部分的注意事项,TenseandVoiceinIntroduction,PresentTense,Thepresenttense（is,are）isusedwhenstatinggeneralizationsorconclusions.e.g.1：

Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.e.g.2：

Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission,Whendescribingrecentadvancesinacertainresearchfield,oraimingtoemphasizetheimpactofsomethinghappeningrecentlyonthepresent,youaresuggestedtousepresentperfecttense.e.g.1:

ThisapproachhasbeenexploitedbyCadambeandJafarin.e.g.2:

TheauthorshaveshownthatthemaximumachievableDoF（degreesoffreedom自由度）intheK-usertime-varyingsingle-inputsingle-output（SISO,单输入单输出）,PresentPerfectTense,FutureTense,Sometimes,inthesentenceincludingtheobjectiveoftheresearch,SimpleFutureTenseisrecommended.e.g.1:

InSectionIII,however,wewillarguethatgenericmatrices,namely,samplesfromtheGaussianunitaryensembleobey（1.10）forrelativelylargevaluesofS.e.g.2:

WeareconfidentthatfinerargumentsandperhapsnewideaswillallowtoderiveversionsofTheorem1.5withbetterbounds.,Voice,在学术论文中,我们可能经常会被是否可以使用we（我们）或I（我）的问题困扰。

关于这点，一点要区分we在这里指代什么。

一般来说，作者使用we提及作者的研究团队而不是泛指人类群体。

e.g.1：

Inthispaper,weadoptanIAschemeforSISOtransmission,andwetrytomodifythedesigninordertoachievehighersumrate（和速率）performanceinthepracticalSNRregion.（主动语态，we不泛指人群，而是作者所属研究团队）,如果需要提及人类群体的认知状态，最好使用被动结构的句子，如：

“Itisknow/thoughthat“，而不是用“Weknow/thinkthat”。

引言部分中，多使用被动语态，而不是主动语态we，尤其是中心的“报告”部分（wasconducted，wasdesigned等）。

e.g.1ThisschemehasbeendesignedtoachievetheasymptoticcapacityintheIC（被动语态）e.g.2ThisnewapproachofinterferencemanagementhasbeennamedIA.（被动语态）,exercise,1、Brown（1998）_theimportanceoftimemanagementbothwhenpreparingforandactuallysittingexaminations.A.concludeB.concludesC.stressD.stresses2、ForsomeyearstherehasbeenanawarenrssofthedangersofSalmonfarminginScottishLochs,andseveralstudies（seee.g.,Brown2000,Maclnnes2002）_potentialrisks.A.indicateB.haveindicateC.claimD.haveclaimed,3、IntheCanadianstudyPrimarySchoolFrench,researchers_aclearassociationbetweenlanguageproficiencyandparentalincome（Lefebvreetal.1999）.A.statedB.havestatedC.demonstratedD.havedemonstratedanswer:

1.D2.B3.C,sentencepatterninIntroduction,SentencepatterninIntroduction,Theprimaryruleistokeepinscientificstyle,Clarity,Preciseness,Conciseness,LogicalandThinking,Sentencepattern,Vocabulary&

Abbreviation:

Makesurethatyourexpressionisclear,preciseandconcise.,Usesomecommonsentencepatternsintheintroduction.,1、建立议题中心及概括议题内容的常用句型有：

.isacentralissueinhisdevelopmentofisatypical/commonprobleminForalongtime,ithasbeenthecasethat.Mostaccounts/reports/publicationsclaim/maintainthat,e.g.1:

However,Accordingtostudies,allmobilecommunicationstandardsstillincludeaSISOtransmissionmode.（建立议题中心）e.g.2:

Inourcontributions,wefirstlyintroduceawaytooptimizetheprecodingsubspacesatalltransmitters,exploitingthefactthatchannelmatricesintheIAmodelarediagonal.Twosolutionsarederived;

thefirstisachievediterativelyusingprojectedgradientdescentmethod,thesecondisaclosed-formsolutionthatavoidsthenumericalcomputation,thus,resultinginaverylowcomputationalcomplexity.Secondly,weproposetooptimizetheprecodingvect