二语习得完稿ppt课件PPT课件下载推荐.ppt

二语习得完稿ppt课件PPT课件下载推荐.ppt

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Corder,1977）“中介语”这一术语首次被引用指：

处于目的语与母语之间结构上处于中间状态的外语学习者的独特的语言系统。

Eg.中国人表示一种祝福：

Gotoworkhappily,andcomebackhomesafely!

中国人打招呼：

“Hi,whereareyougoing?

”,Interlinguainterference（语际干扰）PositivetransferEg.“我爱你“-“Iloveyou”“我学英语”-“IstudyEnglish“我是一位老师。

-Iamateacher.negativetransferEg.我明天上街-“Itomorrowgotothestreet.”我不知道他是谁-“Idontknowwhoishe”Intralinguainterference（语内干扰）Eg.”ThesemansarefromtheUnitedStates”（那些男人来自美国）”HecanwritethenamewithEnglish”（他能用英语写名字）,Fossilization,DefinitionClassificationCauses,Internalcauses,Externalcauses,Definition,IthasbeenobservedthatsomewhereintheL2learningprocess,suchanILmayreachoneormoretemporaryrestrictingphasesduringwhichthedevelopmentoftheILappearstobedetained（Nemser,1971;

Schumann,1975）.ApermanentcessationofprogresstowardtheTLhasbeenreferredtoasfossilization（Selinker,1972）.,Classification,Temporaryfossilization:

暂时性石化:

Temporaryfossilizationreferstostabilityoflanguageacquisitionortheplateauphenomenonoflearning,atthemomentlanguageparameterissteadyandstatic,thephenomenonisalterableundercertainconditions.Permanentfossilization永久性石化：

Becausemostofthestudentsinterlanguageisinthetemporaryandstablestage,nopermanentfossilization.Becausestablestageisnotrealfossilization.Sothereisnorealpermanentfossilization.,InternalCausesMotivition:

adultsdonothavethemotivationtochangetheiraccentandtoacquirenative-likepronunciation.Unlikechildren,whoaregenerallymoreopentoTLculture,adultshavemorerigidlanguageegoboundaries.（Guioraetal.,1972）.Communicativeneeds:

Thelearnerbelievesthathedoesnotneedtodevelophisinterlanguageanyfurtherinordertocommunicateeffectivelywhateverhewantsto.Acquisitiondevice:

Fossilizationmanifeststhatlearnersdonothavethelanguageabilityofthenativespeakers,onlyafewpeoplecanactivatethisparticularlanguageacquisitiondeviceandachievesuccess,whilemostofthemfailedafterthecrucialstage,whattheycanresorttoisonlygeneralcognitivemechanism,andthereforetheycannotreachtheendoftheinterlanguangecontinuumandappearfossilization.,Externalcauses,Communicativepressure:

thepressurecausedwhenlanguagelearnerscantexpressviewsInlanguageexchangeasitsbeyondoneslanguageabilitywhichwillleadtofossilization.Lackoflearningopportunities:

Languagelearnershavefewopportunitiesofforeignlanguageinputanduse.Feedback:

positivecognitivefeedbackscausefossilization;

（e.g.“Oh,Isee”）negativefeedbackshelptopreventfossilization.（e.g.“Idontunderstandyou”）,Externalcauses,Communicativepressure:

（e.g.“Oh,Isee”）negativefeedbackshelptopreventfossilization.（e.g.“Idontunderstandyou”）,Reference,王立飞，2009.9，第二语言习得入门，高等教育出版社RodEllis，1999.4，第二语言习得研究，上海外语教育出版社BernardSpolsky,2000.6,第二语言学习的条件，上海外语教育出版社刘润清文旭，2006.3，新编语言学教程，外