跨文化交际英语教程答案-新编跨文化交际英语教程Word格式文档下载.doc
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doyouthinkitishard?
Itisverydifficultforpeopletounderstandoneanotheriftheydonotsharethesame
experiences.Ofcourse,weallsharetheexperienceofbeinghuman,buttherearemanyexperiences
whichwedonotshareandwhicharedifferentforallofus.Itisthesedifferentexperiencesthat
makeupwhatiscalled―culture‖inthesocialsciences-thehabitsofeverydaylife,thecuesto
whichpeoplerespond,theautomaticreactionstheyhavetowhatevertheyseeandhear.Theseoften
differ,andthedifferencesmayintroducemisunderstandingswhereweseekunderstanding.
ReadingI
InterculturalCommunication:
AnIntroduction
Comprehensionquestions
1.Isitstilloftenthecasethat“everyone‟squicktoblamethealien”inthecontemporaryworld?
Thisisstillpowerfulintoday‘ssocialandpoliticalrhetoric.Forinstance,itisnotuncommonin
today‘ssocietytohearpeoplesaythatmost,ifnotall,ofthesocialandeconomicproblemsare
causedbyminoritiesandimmigrants.
2.What‟sthedifferencebetweentoday‟sinterculturalcontactandthatofanytimeinthepast?
Today‘sinterculturalencountersarefarmorenumerousandofgreaterimportancethaninany
timeinhistory.
3.Whathavemadeinterculturalcontactaverycommonphenomenoninourlifetoday?
6
Newtechnology,intheformoftransportationandcommunicationsystems,hasaccelerated
interculturalcontact;
innovativecommunicationsystemshaveencouragedandfacilitatedcultural
interaction;
globalizationoftheeconomyhasbroughtpeopletogether;
changesinimmigration
patternshavealsocontributedtointerculturalencounter.
4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“cultureiseverythingandeverywhere”?
Culturesuppliesuswiththeanswerstoquestionsaboutwhattheworldlookslikeandhowwe
liveandcommunicatewithinthatworld.Cultureteachesushowtobehaveinourlifefromthe
instantofbirth.Itisomnipresent.
5.Whatarethemajorelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceourperceptionandcommunication?
Thethreemajorsocio-culturalelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceperceptionandcommunication
areculturalvalues,worldview(religion),andsocialorganizations(familyandstate).
6.Whatdoesone‟sfamilyteachhimorherwhileheorshegrowsupinit?
Thefamilyteachesthechildwhattheworldlookslikeandhisorherplaceinthatworld.
7.Whyisitimpossibletoseparateouruseoflanguagefromourculture?
Becauselanguageisnotonlyaformofpreservingculturebutalsoameansofsharingculture.
Languageisanorganized,generallyagreed-upon,learnedsymbolsystemthatisusedtorepresent
theexperienceswithinaculturalcommunity.
8.Whatarethenonverbalbehaviorsthatpeoplecanattachmeaningto?
Peoplecanattachmeaningtononverbalbehaviorssuchasgestures,postures,facialexpressions,
eyecontactandgaze,touch,etc.
9.Howcanafree,culturallydiversesocietyexist?
Afree,culturallydiversesocietycanexistonlyifdiversityispermittedtoflourishwithout
prejudiceanddiscrimination,bothofwhichharmallmembersofthesociety.
DiscoveringProblems:
SlimIsBeautiful?
Questionsfordiscussion
Whichdoyouthinkisthemarkofbeauty,thinorfat?
Whyisitoftensaidthatbeautyisintheeye
ofbeholder?
OnesociologistoncesaidthatwiththegreaterinfluenceofAmericancultureacrosstheworld,
thestandardofabeautyisbecomingmoreandmoreHollywood-like,characterizedbyachiseled
chinandatall,slimfigure.OnecanseesuchbeautifulimagesinalmostanyAmericanmovie.We
Chinesealsosharethenotionthatthestandardideaofbeautyincludesbeingtall,thin,andlight
skinned.Itseemsthatwiththeprocessofglobalization,easternandwesternbeautieslookmoreand
morealike.
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Butwehavetorememberthatthedefinitionofbeautydiffersfromculturetoculture.For
example,Hispanicstandardsoffemalebeautyaretohavebighips,amoderatetan,andashort
height.Asisdescribedinthearticle,insoutheasternNigeria,Coca-Cola-bottlevoluptuousnessis
celebratedandamplebacksidesandbosomsareconsideredidealsoffemalebeauty.
What‘smore,theidealstandardofbeautyvariesfromtimetotime.Forinstance,duringtimes
offamine,theidealstandardofbeautyforwomenisamuchlargerbodysize.Largersizeandmore
bodyfatmayreflectone‘sstatus;
foritsuggeststhatthepersoniswellfedandhealthy.Thinness
thenwouldreflectmalnutrition.However,duringtimesofplenty,plumpnessisnotareflectionof
status.Peoplemayea