新编研究生综合英语教程unit3潘海英PPT资料.pptx
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AcademicLiteracy,UnitThreeCulture,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,Aculturecanbeviewedasacollectionofvaluesthatgotogethertoshapethewayagroupofpeopleperceiveandrelatetotheworldaroundthem.Aspeoplegrowup,theylearncertainvalues,whichwillinfluenceandshapetheirwayoflife.HowdoesAmericanculturedifferfromothers?
ThewaytoaddressthisquestionistoconsiderthevaluesAmericansliveby.,Overview,“Values”areideasaboutwhatisrightandwrong,desirableandundesirable,normalandabnormal,properandimproper.Mostpeoplewhogrowupinaparticularculturesharecertainvalues.Thesevaluesoverlapandsupporteachother;
theyfittogether.Dr.L.RobertKohlshasdevelopedalistof13commonlyheldvalueswhichhelpexplainwhyAmericansactastheydo.,BackgroundInformationPre-readingQuestionsTextATheValuesAmericansLiveVocabularyExercises,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,BackgroundInformation,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,VWriting,Exercises,IVTranslation,Dr.LRobertKohls,DirectorofInternationalProgramsatSanFranciscoStateUniversity,isarenownedliterarycontributortotheresearchonculturalpatterns.Hehasdevelopedalistof13(8arelistedinTextA)commonlyheldvalueswhichhelpexplaintofirst-timevisitorstotheUnitedStateswhyAmericansactastheydo.Heiscareful,andcautionstoavoidlabelingthesevaluespositiveornegative.WhetheroneagreeswithKohlsornotoriswillingtoacceptasvalidanygeneralizationsaboutAmericanshisobservationsarethoughtprovoking.,Background,1.Informationabouttheauthor,:
Inrecentdecades,anewformofidentificationhasemergedwhichbreaksdowntheunderstandingoftheindividualasacoherentwholesubjectintoacollectionofvariousculturalidentifiers.Theseculturalidentifiersmaybetheresultofvariousconditionsincluding:
locality,gender,race,history,nationality,language,sexuality,religion,ethnicity,aesthetics,andevenfood.Therefore,culturalidentityreferstoafeelingofbelongingtoagroup.Itispartofapersonsself-conceptionandself-perceptionandisrelatedtotheseculturalidentifiersoranykindofsocialgroupthathasitsowndistinctculture.Inthisway,culturalidentityisbothcharacteristicoftheindividualbutalsooftheculturallyidenticalgroupofmemberssharingthesameculturalidentity.Culturalidentitycanalsobeexpressedthroughcertainstylesofclothingorotheraestheticmarkers.,Background,2.Informationaboutculturalidentity,:
.,Background,3.InformationabouttheDeclarationofIndependence,TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyThomasJeffersonandthenadoptedbytheContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776.ItwasregardedasthenationsmostcherishedsymboloflibertyandJeffersonsmostenduringmonument.“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”wasmadebyAbrahamLincolnasthecenterpieceofhisrhetoric(asintheGettysburgAddressof1863),andhispolitics.Sincethen,ithasbecomeawell-knownstatementonhumanrights.,Q1:
HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheAmericanvalues?
WhichpartofAmericanvaluesdoyouthinkisacceptabletous?
Q2:
WhatisthecauseoftraditionalAmericanvalues?
Q3:
WhatisyourviewonAmericanvalues?
WhataretheeffectsofAmericanvalues?
Q4:
HowisthemainstreamAmericanculturedifferentfromtheChineseculture?
Q5:
Doculturalvalueschangeastimechanges?
Pre-readingQuestions,Q1:
Open,Pre-readingQuestions,Q2:
WhatisthecauseofTraditionalAmericanvalues?
TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbythekingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.In1776,theBritishcolonialsettlersdeclaredtheirindependencefromEnglandandestablishedanewnation,theUnitedStatesofAmerica.Indoingso,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.ThisisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues,whichisalsocalledindividualismbyscholars.,Pre-readingQuestions,Q3:
Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterference.Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:
self-reliance.Individualsmustlearntorelyonthemselvesorrisklosingfreedom.Thismeansachievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyageof18-21.Itmea