四档变速器设计.docx

四档变速器设计.docx

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四档变速器设计

毕　业　设　计（论文）

说　明　书

毕业设计（论文）题目

　机电　系（部）年级专业　机电工程　姓名

设计（论文）题目：

机械式四档变速器

设计开始时间：

07年3月12日

设计结束时间：

07年6月10日

　　　　　　　　　　　　设计指导人：

　　　　　　　　　　　　教研室主任：

　　　　　　　　　　　　系　主　任：

阳泉职业技术学院

毕业设计（论文）评阅书

题目：

机械式四档变速器

　　系（部）年级专业　姓名

评阅意见：

成绩：

　　　　　　　　　　　　　指导教师：

　　　　　　　　　　　　　职　　务：

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　年　　月　　日

阳泉职业技术学院

毕业设计（论文）答辩评定书

年级专业班级：

姓名：

答辩过程

问题提问

回答情况

　　　　　　　　　记录员：

成绩评定

指导教师

答辩小组

综合成绩

专业答辩组组长：

　　　　　　　　　　　　年　　月　　日

阳泉职业技术学院

毕业设计（论文）任务书

毕业设计（论文）题目：

机械式四档变速器设计

毕业设计（论文）要求及原始数据（资料）：

1.发动机额定功率级最高转速：

80KW，4800r/min;

2.变速器的参数选择.

（1）中心距A的选择.

（2）变速器轴向尺寸，四档（3.0～3.4）A

（3）轴的直径d.

（4）齿轮参数.

（5）各档齿轮齿数的分配.

3.变速器传动简图.

毕业设计（论文）主要内容：

1.变速器传动系统的总体设计.

2.传动系统的设计.

3.轴齿轮的加工.

学生应交出的设计文件（论文）：

1、设计说明书一份。

2、总装配图一张。

（O号）

3、组件图一张。

（1号）

4、零件图两张（手工绘制）。

（2号）

主要参考文献（资料）：

李澄.机械制图.高等教育出版社出版；

卜炎.机械设计传动装置手册.机械工业出版社发行1998.12出版

邓文英.金属工艺学.高等教育出版.2000.7出版

沈养中.工程力学.高等教育出版社.2003.7出版

屠卫星.汽车底盘构造.人民交通出版社.2001.8出版

成大先.机械设计图图册.化学工业出版社.2000.3出版

张勇.电机拖动与控制.机械工业出版社.2004.6出版

李澄、吴天生、闻百桥.机械制图.高等教育出版社.2003.8出版

吴昌林、唐增宝、钟毅芳.机械设计.华中科技大学出版社2001.2出版

专业班级机电工程1班学生丁伟

要求设计（论文）工作起止日期3月12日—6月10日

指导教师签字日期

教研室主任审查签字日期

系主任批准签字日期

摘要························································3

Abstract····················································3

变速器的简介················································4

1.变速器传动机构的方案分析································6

2.变速器零、部件结构方案分析······························7

3.变速器操纵机构··········································8

1.变速器的参数选择··········································8

1.1一档齿轮齿数的确定····································8

1.2中心距A的选择········································9

1.3确定齿轮参数·········································10

1.3.1齿宽选择·······································10

1.3.2压力角·········································11

1.3.3齿轮螺旋角·····································11

1.3.4校验齿轮的接触强度·····························11

1.4变速器轴向尺寸·······································13

1.5轴的直径·············································13

1.6各档齿轮齿数的分配···································14

1.6.1确定常啮合传动齿轮副的齿数·····················14

1.6.2确定其他各档的齿数·····························15

2.变速器传动···············································16

2.1传动简图·············································16

2.2同步器（简介）········································16

2.2.1惯性式同步机···································18

2.2.2同步器工作原理·································18

2.2.3齿轮材料·······································19

2.2.4齿轮材料、热处理·······························20

2.2.5齿轮精度等级···································20

3.故障诊断与检修···········································21

3.1常见故障与检修·······································21

3.1.1变速器的异常声响·······························21

3.1.2变速器跳档·····································22

3.1.3挂档困难·······································22

3.1.4变速器乱档·····································23

3.1.5变速器发热·····································23

3.1.6变速器漏油·····································24

3.2变速器零件的检修·····································24

3.2.1齿轮与花键的检修·······························24

3.2.2轴的检修·······································24

3.2.3锁环式变速器的检修·····························24

4.变速器的润滑·············································25

4.1润滑的基本知识·······································25

4.2变速器润滑油·········································25

4.3变速器润滑系统·······································25

4.4变速器零件的清洗·····································26

5.变速器的装配·············································26

5.1变速器装配注意事项··································26

5.2变速器总成的装配····································27

5.3中间轴后轴承间隙调整方法·····························28

英文说明···················································29

参考文献···················································30

致谢···················································31

摘要

变速器是汽车传动系中最主要的部件之一。

变速箱由变速传动机构和变速操纵机构两部分组成。

变速传动机构的主要作用是改变转距和转速的数值和方向；操纵机构的主要作用是控制传动机构，实现变速器传动比的交换，即实现换档，以达到变速变距。

关键字：

变速传动机构、变速操纵机构、齿轮

Abstract

Becomesoonboxformbecometospreadtomovetheorganizationandbecomesoontomanipulatetheorganizationtwopartstoconstitutesoon.Mainfunctionthatbecomestospreadtomovetheorganizationsoonisthechangeturnstheandturnsoonofthenumberandthedirection;Themainfunctionthatmanipulatestheorganizationisacontroltospreadtomovetheorganization,carryoutthetransformationthatthegearboxspreadstomovetheration,thentherealizationshiftgear,toattaintobecometochangethesoon.

Keywords:

Variable-speedcontrolmechanism，speedchangecontrol

Mechanism,gear.

变速器简介

我们知道，汽车发动机在一定的转速下能够达到最好的状态，此时发出的功率比较大，燃油经济性也比较好。

因此，我们希望发动机总是在最好的状态下工作。

但是，汽车在使用的时候需要有不同的速度，这样就产生了矛盾。

这个矛盾要通过变速器来解决。

汽车变速器的作用用一句话概括，就叫做变