西方经济学名词解释-英文版Word格式.doc

西方经济学名词解释-英文版Word格式.doc

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研究经济中单个因素行为的分析。

GDP国内生产总值（GrossDomesticProduct）

Thetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthebordersofanationduringaspecifiedperiod.

一国国民在各行业中一年内生产的最终产品和最终服务价值总和。

Itisoftenseenasanindicatorofthestandardoflivinginacountry.GrossDomesticProduct＝consumption+investmentgoods+governmentpurchases+netexports

EconomicGrowth经济增长

steadygrowthintheproductivecapacityoftheeconomy（andsoagrowthofnationalincome）

RealEconomicGrowthRate实际经济增长率

Ameasureofeconomicgrowthfromoneperiodtoanotherexpressedasapercentageandadjustedforinflation（i.e.expressedinrealasopposedtonominalterms）.Therealeconomicgrowthrateisameasureoftherateofchangethatanation'

sgrossdomesticproduct（GDP）experiencesfromoneyeartoanother.Grossnationalproduct（GNP）canalsobeusedifanation'

seconomyisheavilydependentonforeignearnings.Therealeconomicgrowthratebuildsontotheeconomicgrowthratebytakingintoaccounttheeffectthatinflationhasontheeconomy.Therealeconomicgrowthrateisa"

constantdollar"

andthereforeamoreaccuratelookattherateofeconomicgrowthbecausetherealrateisnotdistortedbytheeffectsofextremeinflationordeflation.

GDPdeflatorGDP指数

IneconomicstheGDPdeflator（implicitpricedeflatorforGDP）isameasureofthechangeinpricesofallnew,domesticallyproduced,finalgoodsandservicesinaneconomy.GDPstandsforgrossdomesticproductthetotalvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthateconomyduringaspecifiedperiod.

NominalGDP名义GDP

Agrossdomesticproduct（GDP）figurethathasnotbeenadjustedforinflation.

RealGDP实际GDP

Thisinflation-adjustedmeasurethatreflectsthevalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedinagivenyear,expressedinbase-yearprices.Oftenreferredtoas"

constant-price"

"

inflation-corrected"

GDPor"

constantdollarGDP"

.UnlikenominalGDP,realGDPcanaccountforchangesinthepricelevel,andprovideamoreaccuratefigure.

Potentialoutput潜在产量/潜在GDP

Ineconomics,potentialoutput（alsoreferedtoas"

naturalrealgrossdomesticproduct"

）referstothehighestlevelofrealGrossDomesticProductoutputthatcanbesustainedoverthelongterm.

GDPGapGDP缺口

Theforfeitedoutputofancountry'

seconomyresultingfromthefailuretocreatesufficientjobsforallthosewillingtowork.AGDPgapdenotestheamountofproductionthatisirretrievablylost.Thepotentialforhigherproductionlevelsiswastedbecausetherearen'

tenoughjobssupplied.（与书异）

NetExports净出口

Thevalueofacountry'

stotalexportsminusthevalueofitstotalimports.Itisusedtocalculateacountry'

saggregateexpenditures,orGDP,inanopeneconomy.Inotherwords,netexportsistheamountbywhichforeignspendingonahomecountry'

sgoodsandservicesexceedsthehomecountry'

sspendingonforeigngoodsandservices.

Recession经济衰退

Asignificantdeclineinactivityspreadacrosstheeconomy,lastinglongerthanafewmonths.Itisvisibleinindustrialproduction,employment,realincome,andwholesale-retailtrade.Thetechnicalindicatorofarecessionistwoconsecutivequartersofnegativeeconomicgrowthasmeasuredbyacountry'

sGDP.

Notes:

Recessionisanormal（albeitunpleasant）partofthebusinesscycle.Arecessiongenerallylastsfromsixtoeighteenmonths.Interestratesusuallyfallinrecessionarytimestostimulatetheeconomybyofferingcheapratesatwhichtoborrowmoney.

Depression经济萧条

Asevereandprolongedrecessioncharacterizedbyinefficienteconomicproductivity,highunemployment,andfallingpricelevels.Intimesofdepression,consumer'

sconfidenceandinvestmentsdecrease,causingtheeconomytoshutdown.

ValueAdded附加值

Theenhancementacompanygivesitsproductorservicebeforeofferingtheproducttocustomers.Thiscaneitherincreasetheproductspriceorvalue.（与书异）

GrossNationalProduct–GNP国民生产总值

AneconomicstatisticthatincludesGDP,plusanyincomeearnedbyresidentsfromoverseasinvestments,minusincomeearnedwithinthedomesticeconomybyoverseasresidents.GNPisameasureofacountry'

seconomicperformance,orwhatitscitizensproduced（i.e.goodsandservices）andwhethertheyproducedtheseitemswithinitsborders.

DisposableIncome可支配收入

Theamountofafter-taxincomethatisavailabletodividebetweenspendingandpersonalsavings.Thisalsoknownasyourtakehomepay.

UnemploymentRate失业率

Thepercentageofthetotallaborforcethatisunemployedbutacti