英美概况名词解释、简答题Word格式.docx

英美概况名词解释、简答题Word格式.docx

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2.theHighlanders

（1）TheyaretheScotswholiveinthemountainsregionsoftheHighlandsinNorthernScotland.

（2）Theyareaproud,independentandhardypeoplewhomaintaintheirstrongculturalidentity.（3）Theymainlylivebyfarmingsheepinmountainareasorfishingonthecoastsandislands.

3.TheWestminsterParliament

（1）ItreferstotheBritishParliament.

（2）WestminsterPalaceinLondonwasbuiltbetween1840and1860,andbecamethemeetingplaceforParliament.

4.NationalEisteddfod

（1）EisteddfodistheWelshwordfor“sitting”.NationalEisteddfodisthemostfamousfestivalofmusicandverseinWales.

（2）ittakesplaceeachAugustandlastsforaboutaweek.（3）thehighlightoftheEisteddfodisacompetitionforthebestepicpoemaboutWaleswrittenandreadinWelsh.（4）thewinneriscrowedBard,consideredthesupremehonorinWales.

5.TheProtestantReformation

（1）Itwasareligiousreformmovementthatstartedin1517,whentheGermanmonkMartinLutherpostedfordebateaseriesofthesethatchallengedRomanCatholicteaching.

（2）thosewhoseparatedthemselvesfromCatholicChurchwerecalledProtestants.（3）mostoftheProtestantsstresstheBibleasthesourceandtheirnormofteachinginsteadofthePopeasthesourceofauthority.

6.TheUlsterUnionists

（1）TheUlsterUnionistsrefertotherulingProtestantpartyinNorthernIreland.

（2）TheyarealsocalledLoyalists.（3）TheyremainloyaltotheUK.

7.KingHarold

TheSaxonkingwhowasdefeatedandkilledattheBattleofHastingsin1066,whentheFrench-speakingNormansunderWilliamtheConquerorinvadedEnglandfromFrance.

8.AlfredtheGreat

HewasafineSaxonkingwhosuccessfullydefeatedtheinvadingDanes.9.TheMagnaCarta

（1）TheMagnaCarta（orGreatCharter）wasadocumentsignedin1215byKingJohnundercompulsionbythepowerfulbarons.

（2）ThepurposeoftheCharterwastomakeKingJohntorecognizetherightstothebarons.（3）TheMagnaCartaisnowintheBritishMuseum,London.

10.TheHundredYear’sWar

（1）AwarbetweenEnglandandFrancewhichlasted,onandoff,forahundredyearsfrom1337to1453.

（2）itwasfoughtentirelyinFrance,andthewholeofFranceverynearlyfellintoEnglishhandsinthefamousbattlesofCrecyandAgincourt.（3）eventually,partlythroughtheinspirationofthebravegirlJoanofArc,andpartlythroughtheeffectiveuseofguns,theFrenchdrovetheEnglishfromtheirlandforfood.

11.TheWarsoftheRoses

（1）ItisthenamegiventothestruggleforthroneofEnglandbetweentwobranchesoftheEnglishroyalfamily

（2）thehousesofLancaster,whosebadgewasaredrose,andYork,whosebadgewasawhiterose.（3）thewarsweakenedboththenobilityandthemonarch.

12.BloodyMary

（1）ItwasthenicknamegiventoMaryI,HenryIII’selderdaughter.

（2）ShewasadevoutCatholic,andhadsomanyProtestantsburnttodeaththatsheisrememberedlessbyherofficialtitleMaryIthanbyhernicknameBloodyMary.（3）ShewassucceededbyElizabethI.

13.TheElizabethAge

（1）ItreferstotheperiodduringthereignofElizabethIinBritishhistory.

（2）itwasanageofrealliteraryachievement,especiallythatofShakespeare（3）itwasanageofadventureonthesea.

14.TheGunpowderPlot

（1）ItreferstothemostfamousofanumberofCatholicconspiraciesinEnglishhistorywhichoccurredinthereignofJamesI.

（2）ItwastheplottoblowuptheKingandParliament,inwhichamancalledGuyFawkeswascaughtinthecellarsoftheHouseofCommonsintheveryactofpreparingtheexplosives.（3）GuyFawkes’nightisstillcelebratedonNovember5theachyear.

15.theProvisionalIRA

（1）IRA,theIrishRepublicanArmy,isanationalistorganizationdedicatedtotheunificationofIreland.

（2）Itwasorganizedin1919.（3）TheIRArefusedtoacceptaseparateNorthernIrelandunderBritishrule.（4）In1969itsplitintoanofficialmajority,whichdisclaimedviolence,andaterroristpro-visionalwing,whoseattacksonBritishtroopsinNorthernIre-land,randombombings,andothersactsofterrorinEnglandkepttensionshigh.

16.thepeacepeople

（1）Inthesummerof1976BettyWilliams,aprotestanthouse-wife,wassohorrifiedatthekillingoftwochildrenbyarunningIRAcarthatshedecidedtoorganizethewomenofUlster,bothprotestantandCatholic,intoapressuregroup.

（2）Itisapres-suregroupworkingforpeaceandreconciliationinIreland.（3）Williamsandhercatholicpartner,Corrigan,soongatheredthousandsoffollowersdespitethreatsandintimidationfrombothsides.（4）Theycontinuedtopursuetheiraimsandattheendof1976thetwoleaderswereawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeace.

17.theNormanconquest

（1）InAD1066,WilliamofNormandylandedhis