Casescase_2_7_McDonalds_and_Obesity课件Word下载.docx
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Governmentsandinfluentialhealthadvocatesaroundtheworld,spookedthattheirnations’kidswillbecomeasfatasAmericankids,arecrackingdownonthemarketerstheyblamefortheexplo-sioninchildhoodobesity.Acrosstheglobe,effortsareunderwaytoslowthemarchofobesity.
IntheUnitedStates,roughly30percentofAmericanchildrenareoverweightorobese.AccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDis-easeControlandPrevention(CDC),anestimated64.5percentofAmericanstipthescalesasoverweightorobese,thehighestper-centageoffatpeopleofanycountryintheworld.However,adultsandkidsinothercountriesarecatchingup.
THEWORLD
TheWorldHeartFederationreportsthatgloballytherearenowmorethan1billionoverweightadultsandthatatleast400millionofthoseareobese.Anestimated155millionchildrenareover-weightworldwideincluding30–45millionwhoareobese.1
Inmanycountries,theworstincreasesinobesityhaveoc-curredinyoungpeople.AbouthalfamillionchildreninEuropearesufferingclassicmiddle-agedhealthproblemsbecausetheyaretoofat.ObesityamongEuropeanchildrenhasbeenontheriseoverthelast25years.ThenumberofoverweightchildreninEuropedidnotchangemuchfrom1974to1984;
thentheratestartedtocreepupduringthenext10years,anditexplodedafter1995.
InBritain,oneinfivechildrenisoverweightorobese;
inSpain30percent;
andinItaly,36percent.Whilelessthan1percentofthechildreninAfricasufferfrommalnutrition,3percentareover-weightorobese.
PerhapsthemostdistressingdatacomefromAsia,wherethemeasureofbeingoverweightusedinWesterncountriesmayun-derestimatetheseriousnessofweight-relatedhealthproblemsfacedbyAsians.InJapan,forexample,obesityisdefinedasabodymassindex(BMI)levelof25ormore,not30asitisinWest-erncountries.ButJapanesehealthofficialsreportthataBMIof25ormoreisalreadycausinghighratesofdiabetes.About290mil-lionchildreninChinaarethoughttobeoverweight,andresearch-ersexpectthatnumbertodoubleinthenext10years.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedofanescalatingglobalepidemicofoverweightandobesity.
GLOBALREACTIONSTOOBESITY
Oneoftheperplexingquestionsiswhytherehasbeenarelativelysuddenincreaseofobesityworldwide.Someopinethatfast-foodportionsizesarepartlytoblame;
theaveragesizeorderofFrenchfrieshasnearlytripledsince1955.Somepeoplesayadvertis-ingistoblame,particularlyadsaimedatchildren,suchasthose
thatusecelebritiestomarkethigh-caloriefoods.AccordingtoUSAToday,onestudyfoundthattheaverageAmericanchildsees10,000foodadsayear,mostlyforhigh-fatorsugaryfoodsanddrinks.
Traditionally,indevelopingcountries,thepoorestpeoplehavebeenthethinnest,aconsequenceofhardphysicallaborandtheconsumptionofsmallamountsoftraditionalfoods.Butwhenthesepeopleinpoorcountriesmigratetocities,obe-sityratesrisefastestamongthoseinthelowestsocioeconomicgroup.
Evenasfoodcompanies’battleU.S.lawsuitsandlegislatorswhoblamethemforinducingchildhoodobesity,they’rebeingat-tackedonanotherfront—Europe—whichisthreatening,amongotherthings,tobanadvertisingiconssuchTonytheTigerandRonaldMcDonald.“Iwouldliketoseetheindustrynotadvertis-ingdirectlytochildren,”saidoneEuropeanhealthcommissioner.“Ifthisdoesn’tproducesatisfactoryresults,wewillproceedtolegislation.”TheEuropeanHealthCommissionhascalledforthefoodindustrytosetitsownregulationstocurbso-calledjunk-foodadvertisingaimedattheEuropeanUnion’s450millioncitizens—orfacebanssimilartothetobaccoindustry.
TheominouscomparisontocigarettesisincreasinglybeingmadeintheUnitedStatesaswell.CommentingonaMcDonald’splantosendRonaldMcDonaldtoschoolstopreachaboutnutri-tion,anaidetoaU.S.senatorsaid,“NomatterwhatRonaldisdoing,theyarestillusingthiscartooncharactertosellfattyham-burgerstokids.Onceuponatime,tobaccocompanieshadJoeCamelandtheydidn’tgetiteither.”
AlsounderfireisTVadvertisingofkids’foods,ascallsforcurbsorbansrisearoundtheworld.“Iftherisein[the]childobe-sitytrendcontinues,withinfiveyearswe’llbeinthesamesituationasAmericaistoday,”saidaseniorchildnutritionistattheUniver-sityofCopenhagenwhositsontheboardofDenmark’sNationalBoardofNutritionalScience.“BanningTVadsthataretargetingkidsisanimportantstrategytoadopt.”Butthereisanargumentthatthosemeasureswon’thelp.“InSweden,NorwayandQuebec,wherefoodadsarebannedfromkids’TV,there’snoevidencethatobesityrateshavefallen.”
AnewlawinFrancewillforcefoodmarketerstoc