10月精听营真题文本Word下载.docx

10月精听营真题文本Word下载.docx

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（C）Thecollaborationbetweenphysicistsandarchaeologistsinthedevelopmentofthemuondetector

（D）Benefitsthatarchaeologistscanobtainfrommuondetectors

2.Whatfeatureofthemuonsbenefitarchaeologists?

C

（A）Theirabilitytocarryinformationfromouterspace

（B）Theirabilitytobreakdowncosmicraysintosmallerparticles

（C）Theirabilitytopassthroughsolidmaterial

（D）Theirabilitytotravelatthespeedoflight

3.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationcanamuondetectorprovideabouttheMayanpyramid?

B

（A）Thetemperatureinsideofthestructure

（B）Thelocationofroomswithinthestructure

（C）Theagerangeofthestructure

（D）Thetypesofmaterialusedtobuildthestructure

4.Whydoestheprofessordiscussdamagestoarchaeologicalsites?

A

（A）Todescribeabenefitofusingmuondetectorsinarchaeologicalstudy

（B）Toexplainanaccidentwithamuondetectorduringapyramidexploration

（C）Toindicatehowusefuldetectorsareinrestoringdamagedsites

（D）Toexplainwhymuondetectorswererarelyusedinthepast

5.Inwhatwaysaremodernmuondetectorsdifferentfrommuondetectorsusedin1967?

Clickon3answers.Cde

（A）Theyaremoreeconomical.

（B）Theyuselessenergy.

（C）Theyarenotaslarge.

（D）Theytakelesstimetoproduceanimage.

（E）Theycanscaninmorethanonedirection.

6.Whatistheprofessor’sopinionaboutthenewermuondetectors?

（A）Sheappreciatesthehelptheyprovideeventhoughittakesmuchtimetoproduceimages.

（B）Sheisafraidthatmanyarchaeologistswillbeunwillingtolearntousethem.

（C）Shethinksthattheyhavegreaterpotentialinareasofscienceotherthanarchaeology.

（D）Theyprovidemoreaccurateinformationabouttheageofobjectsthanolderdetectorsdid.

ListentopartofalectureinanArchaeologyclass.

P:

TalkingaboutonepopularmythinArchaeology,somepeoplesimplythinkexcavationisdiggingthesiteuntilsomethingvaluableisfound.Well,whilethereisanelementofluckinvolved,wehaveanarrayofhightechdevicestohelpusfigureoutwheretoputourefforts.Youknow,wecan’tjustdigupthesiterandomlylookingforanancientstructure.Thereisoneofthenewertoolsactuallycreatedbyadifferentfieldofstudy.Themachinereliesonparticlephysics.Um...interdisciplinaryI’dsay.Anditiscalledamuondetector,orcounter.

Muonisachargedelementaryparticlesimilartoelectron.Okay,letmestartover.OnEarth,mostnaturallyoccurringmuonsarecreatedbycosmicrays,whichconsistmostlyofprotons,manyarrivingfromdeepspaceatveryhighenergy.Whenthesechargedparticlesofcosmicrayscollidewithmoleculesintheupperatmosphere,theybreakupintosmallerparticles,muons.Travelingatthespeedoflight,muonscanpenetratetensofmetersintorocksandothermatteronEarth'

ssurface.Infact,theycanpassthroughsolidmatter,sotheycantransmitdeepintothesurface.Thus,thispropertyofmuonisperfectforarchaeologiststotakeadvantageof.

Letmeexplain.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,onedetectorcanbuildupapictureshowingtheshadowsofstructuresthey’restudying-liketheMayanpyramidinCentralAmerica,forexample.We'

reinterestedinfindingoutifthereareburiedchambersorotherroomsinside.Well,amuondetectorcantrackagreatnumberofmuonpassingthroughthelessdensespaceinsidethepyramid.Yes,youhaveyourhandup?

S:

Idon'

tthinkIgethowthisdeviceworksexactly.

Okay,well,whenmuonspassthrough...uh...say...stonewallsofapyramid,densematerial,theyloseenergy.So,inthecaseofemptyspace,moremuonscanpassthroughbecausetheyloselessenergy.Themuondetectorcanidentifytheareabymeasuringtheamountofmuonsineachplace.Wecanseedarkercolorsinemptyspaces,sowewindupwithasortof.pictureofthesiteanditsinternalstructure.

Picture?

Yes,inthesamewaythatCTscansproducea3-Dpictureofyourbodyusingx-rays.Itliterallyisliketomographyinthemedicalsense.

Okay,soifdarkerareasshowupinsidethepyramid,weassumeit’sanemptyspacewithmoremuons.

Yougotit.Thistechnologyenablesustoseewhat'

sinsideofthestructurebeforewedigupthesite.So,nowwe

knowexactlywheretoexcavate,andwecanminimizethedamage.Youknow,evenalittledamagecouldresultinlosingcrucialinformationforever.

Now,itwaswhenarchaeologistsbegantousemuondetectorsthattheyimproved.Fourdecadesago,In1967,aphysicistburiedthesedetectorsintheground,surroundingtheEgyptianpyramids.Hewaslookingforburiedchambers.However,hesawnosurprisesinthatexperiment.Buthed