王蔷-英语教学法教程-英汉对照-A Course in English Language TeachingWord文件下载.docx
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emphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,whatkindofinputlearnersreceive,andthelearningatmosphere.
Behaviouristtheory行为主义理论=audio-lingualmethod听说教学法
Astimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology
Youcantrainananimaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.
Cognitivetheory认知主义理论communicateapproach交际法
Constructivisttheory结构主义理论
Learningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperienceandwhathe/shealreadyknows.
Socio-constructivisttheory社会结构主义理论
Emphasisesinteracionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontext
Agoodlanguageteacher
Ethicdevotion,professionalqualitiesandpersonalstyles
品德节操,职业素质和个性特征
Learning,practice,andreflection
Unit2CommunicativePrinciplesandActivitiesCLT=CommunicativeLanguageTeaching交际语言教学法TBLT=Task-basedLanguageTeaching任务型教学法
PPP=thePresentation,PracticeandProduction呈现,操练,展出
Communicativecompetence
Entailsknowingnotonlythelanguagecodeortheformoflanguage,butalsowhattosaytowhomandhowtosayitappropriatelyinanygivensituation
Fivemaincomponentsofcommunicativecompetence
Linguisticcompetence语言能力
Pragmaticcompetence语用能力
Discoursecompetence语篇能力
Strategiccompetence策略能力
Fluency语言顺畅
CLT
Goal:
todevelopstudents'
communicativecompetence,whichincludesboththeknowledgeaboutthelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowtousethelanguageappropriatelyincommunicativesituations.
Principles:
CommunicativeprincipleTaskprincipleMeaningfulnessprincipleMainfeatures:
(1)Functionalcommunicativeactivities:
功能互动活动
IdentifyingpicturesDiscoveringidenticalpairs
DiscoveringsequencesorlocationsDiscoveringmissinginformationDiscoveringmissingfeaturesDiscovering"
secrets"
CommunicatingpatternsandpicturesCommunicativemodels
DiscoveringdifferencesFollowingdirectionsReconstructingstory-sequences
Poolinginformationtosolveaproblem
(2)Socialinteractionactivities:
社会交往活动Role-playingthroughcueddialogues
Role-playingthroughcuesandinformationRole-playingthroughsituationandgoalsRole-playingthroughdebateordiscussionLarge-scalesimulationactivities模仿
Improvisation即兴创作
Notes:
Nospecificactivitiesalmostaboutlisteningandspeaking
Sixcriteriaforevaluatinghowcommunicativeclassroomactivitiesare:
Communicativepurpose:
informationgapCommunicativedesire:
realneedContent,notform:
message
Varietyoflanguage
Noteacherintervention干涉
Nomaterialscontrol
TBLT
Definition:
Referstoanapproachbasedontheuseoftaskasthecoreunitofinstructioninlanguage
TBLT:
pre-task,taskcycle,languagefocus
Definitionofatask:
Ataskisapieceofworkundertakenforoneselforforothers,freelyorforsomereward.
Fourcomponentsofatask:
Apurpose:
focusoncontent,notformAcontext:
informationgap
Aprocess:
problemsolvingreasoning,inquiring,conceptualisingandcommunicating
Aproduct:
nocommunicationalresultsExercises,exercise-tasksandtasks:
Focusonindividuallanguageitems
→purposeful&
contextualisedcommunicationExercise → exercise-task → taskHowtodesigntasks:
Thinkaboutstudents’needs,interests,andabilitiesBrainstormpossibletasks
Evaluatethelist
ChoosethelanguageitemsPreparingmaterials
PPPmodel
Atthepresentationstage:
Theteacherintroducesnewvocabularyandgrammaticalstructuresinwhateverwaysappropriate
Atthethepracticestage:
Thelessonmovesfromcontrolledpracticetoguidedpracticeandexploitationofthetextswhennecessary
Attheproductionstage:
Thestudentsareencouragedtousewhattheyhavelearnedandpractisedtoperformcommunicationtasks.
Grammar-TranslationMethod:
语法翻译法
readingandwriting
TheAudio-LingualMethod:
听说教学法
speakingandlistening;
dialoguesanddrills对话和操练
Unit3theNationalEnglishCurriculum课程标准
Itwasinthe1993syllablesthatthewordcommunicationwasusedintheobjectivesofteachingforthefirsttime.
TheSixDesignprinciplesfortheNationalEnglishCurriculumforNine-yearCompulsoryEducation:
1.Aimforeducating