translation-and-pragmaticsWord格式.docx

translation-and-pragmaticsWord格式.docx

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Pragmaticseisthestudyofrelationsbetweenlanguageandcontextthatarebasictoanaccountoflanguageunderstanding.Pragmaticsstudiestheuseoflanguageinhumancommunicationasdeterminedbytheconditionsofsociety.Itisalsoastudyoflanguagecomprehensionaccordingtothefirstdefinitionandlanguageapplicationbasedonthesecondone.Itdealswiththewayofhowtouselanguagetactfullyandunderstanditappropriately.

Translationisakindoflanguageactivity.Itisapracticalactivityoflanguagethatusesonelanguagetoexpressthecontentexpressedinanotherlanguage.Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidanotherlanguage.Itisalsoaprocessinwhichthetranslatorcomprehendstheoriginaltextandreconstructsthemeaninginthetranslatedtext.Pragmaticsandtranslationarethesameinthattheybothstudythelanguagecomprehensionandexpression,buttheyaredifferentinthatpragmaticshasmoreconnectionswithspokenlanguagewhiletranslationwithwrittenlanguage.Butthedifferencecannotpreventusfromborrowingtheoriesandprinciplesfrompragmaticsintotranslation.

ApplicationofPragmaticTheoriestoTranslationPractice

PragmaticTranslation

ProfessorHeZiranagreeswithNidathattranslationisadynamicequivalenceandpromotestousepragmaticequivalencetosolveproblemsintranslation.Thepragmaticequivalencecanbefurtherdividedintotwo,namelypragmalinguisticequivalenceandsociopramaticequivalence.

1）PragmalinguisticEquivalenceinTranslation

PragmalinguisticequivalenttranslationissimilartothedynamicequivalenttranslationfromNida,emphasizingtheclosestnatural

equivalenceinthetargetlanguage.Itreferstothecontentratherthantheformoftheoriginaltextandusesthemostaccurateandnaturallanguageinthetranslatedtexttoexpressthecontentsoasto

reachequivalence.Thepragmalinguisticequivalenceintranslation

referstochooseappropriatelanguageinthetranslatedtexttoexpresstheintentionorpragmaticforceoftheoriginaltext.

Forexample:

请再说一遍！

Generallyspeaking,theEnglishversionofthatsentenceshouldnotbeSpeakagain,please!

Instead,thesentenceshouldbetranslatedas:

Canyouspeakitagain?

InEnglish,imperativesentenceisseldomusedtoexpressrequest.Ifanativespeakerwantstomakearequest,heorshealwayschoosestheindirectform.

2）SociopragmaticEquivalenceinTranslation

Sociopragmaticequivalenceintranslationreferstotheequivalenttranslationinbothcross-languageandcross-culturalcommunication.Inordertoreachsociopragmaticequivalenceintranslation,thetranslatorshouldbegoodatboththesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageandhaveaproperunderstandingonthesocialandculturalbackgroundsinwhichthetwodifferentlanguagesareused.Besides,thereaderofthetranslatedtextshouldbealsotakenintoaccount.

Let’sanalyzethesetwosentencesasbelow:

向文明游客学习！

LearnfromCivilizedTourists!

向文明游客致敬！

SalutetoCivilizedTourists!

Thetwoslogansaboveareobviouslypreparedfordomestictourists.Whentheyaretranslatedinto"

CivilizedTourists"

theforeignerwillfeelridiculousaboutthat:

Coulditbesaidthatthetouristsofyourowncountryareallbarbarous?

ItisunnecessarytotranslatethesloganofthiskindintoEnglish,becauseitjustaimstoimprovethesocialmoralsofdomestictouristsandconducttheirbehaviors.

2.2DetailedAnalysisonPragmaticTranslation

Manypragmaticprincipleshavebeenusedintranslationamongwhichcooperativeprincipleandpolitenessprinciplearethemostimportant.

1）CooperativePrinciple

Cooperativeprinciple,abbreviatedasCP.Itgoesasfollows:

Makeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasrequiredatthestageatwhichitoccursbytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged.（DaiandHe,2002）

Still,thereareseveralmaximsunderthisgeneralprinciple:

themaximofquantity,themaximofquality,themaximofrelation,andthemaximofmanner.Thesemaximscanbeviolatedforvariousreasons.Whenboththespeakerandthehearerareawareoftheviolation,conversationalimplicaturedoesoccur.ThesignificanceofCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconveymorethanisliterallysaid.

Thus,thetranslator,ononehand,shouldunderstandandgraspthemeaningbeyondtheliteralwordsofthesourcelanguage,ontheotherhand,shouldconveythisimpliedmeaningtothetargetlanguagereaderssothattheymayhavethesimilarresponsesasthe

sourcelanguage