绿色物流与可持续发展外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

绿色物流与可持续发展外文文献翻译Word格式.docx

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EnablersforSustainableDevelopment[J].

Supplychainmanagement:

aninternationaljournal,2014,8

（2）:

122-131.

原文

GREENLOGISTICS:

ENABLERSFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

JanC.Fransoo

EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,Netherlands1INTRODUCTION

Logisticsisthebackboneofindustryandcommerce.Asadiscipline,itdescribesthemanagementandcoordinationofactivitiesalongsupplychains.Theseactivitiesincludefreighttransport,storage,inventorymanagement,materialshandlingandrelatedinformationprocessing.Alargepartoflogisticsactivitiesareoftenoutsourcedtospecializedprovidersthatprovidecost-effectiveservices.Researchhasshownthat,atleastinhighincomeeconomies,thevalueofservicesisnotassessedinmonetaryandservicequalitytermsalone.Inmakingdecisions,logisticsprofessionalsareincreasinglytakingintoconsiderationexternaleffectssuchasemissions,pollution,noise,andaccidents.

ThelastLPIreportreleasein2012,forinstance,pointedoutthatinshipmentstoOECDcountries,environmentallyfriendlysolutionsareconsideredfarmoreoftenthanelsewhere.Mountingregulatorypressure,togetherwithchangesincustomerpreferences,arethemaindriversofthisphenomenon.OneofthemorewidelyusedtermstodescribethissetofpreferencesisgreenLogistics,especiallywhentheactivitiesoflogisticsserviceprovidersareconcerned.

Research,includingarecentbookbyAlanMcKinnon,hasestablishedthatgreenLogisticsisanemergingconcernofprivateoperatorsandprovidersandusersoflogistics.Fromapolicystandpoint,andespeciallyfortheglobalenvironment,greenLogisticsispotentiallyamajortopicaswell:

estimatesvary,butabout15%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions（GHG）canbetracedtologisticsactivities.

GreenLogisticsmaynotbeanindependentpolicyarea.Rather,thesupplychainperspectiveprovidesaframeworktounderstandanddealwithissuesthatareseparate

butultimatelyinterrelated.Importantly,lookingatsupplychainshelpspolicymakersunderstandtheinterestsandactionsofprivatesectoroperators.GreenLogisticsmaythereforeproposeanumberoftoolsandidentifyemergingsustainablesolutionscontributingtotheoverarchingobjectiveofgreenGrowth.

Fromapolicyperspective,logisticscutacrossseveralareasandsectors.Theperformanceofsupplychainsdependsonareasoractivitieswheregovernmentasregulatororcatalystofinvestmentiscritical,suchas:

Transportinfrastructure:

roadandrailcorridors,portsandairports

Theefficienciesoflogisticsservices:

servicesincludenotonlymodalfreighttransport,butalsowarehousingandintermediaryservices,suchasbrokersandforwarders,andrelatedinformation-flowmanagement.Inmoderneconomies,thetrendistowardsintegrationinmulti-activitylogisticsproviders（3PLs,4PLs）towhichindustrialandcommercialfirmsoutsourcetheirsupplychainactivities.Understandingtheregulatorydimensionofservicesisbecomingincreasinglycriticaltothedevelopmentofeffectivepoliciesinareassuchas:

professionalandoperationalstandards,regulationofentryinmarketandprofessions,competition,enforcement.

Proceduresapplyingtothemerchandise,suchastradeprocedures（customsandothercontrols）.

Thesoftinfrastructurethatsupportsinformationorfinancialflowassociatedwiththephysicalmovementsalongsupplychains:

ITinfrastructure,paymentsystems.

Theconceptofnationallogisticsperformancecapturingtheoutcomeofthesepoliciesiswidelyrecognizedbypolicymakersandtheprivatesectorworldwideasacriticalcontributiontonationalcompetitiveness.Akeyquestionforsustainabledevelopmentishowtointegratesupplychainparticipantsconcernwithenvironmentalsustainabilitywiththeconceptofnationallogisticsperformance.

Withinlogistics,transportcreatesthelargestenvironmentalfootprint.Butthevolumeofemissionscanvarygreatly,dependingonthemodeoftransport.Thevolumeofemissionpertonperkmincreasesbyanorderofmagnitudefrommaritimetolandtransportationandtoairtransportation.Thisisakeyenvironmentalaspectoflogisticsthatisnottakenintoconsiderationbymostsupplychainoperators.Logistics

expertstypicallyintegratefreightmodesandotherrelatedactivitiessothatthetransportanddistributionnetworkisusedinthemostefficientmanner,whichisimportantforkeepingemissionsincheck,aswell.Dependingonthetypeofindustryandgeographicalregion,supplychainoperatorscanplacevaryingemphasisonthereliabilityofsupplychains,aswell.Insummary,supplychainchoicestypicallyincludemultiplecriteriaandtrade-offs,andthismakesananalysisoftheirenvironmentalimpactcomplex;

themostenvironmentallyfriendlychoicesdonotonlydependonmodeoftransportation,butalsoono