英文读写literature review范文Word下载.docx

英文读写literature review范文Word下载.docx

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Theinfluenceofminingexploitationonenvironmentandthesolutionofthedisposalofsolidwasteresidue@#@Bytheyearof2012,Chinahas8557State-ownedminingenterprisesandover200thousandsindividuallyownedenterprises.Theareaofdestroyedlandinminingareaaddsupto29thousandkm^2andgrowsattherateof2%eachyear（LiaoL-P,Gao.HandYuX-J,2012）.Theminingindustryhasscoredtremendousachievements,butmeanwhileitthreatenstheenvironment.Someindividuallyownedenterpriseslacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandtakenopreventivemeasuretolowertheircost.Furthermore,out-of-dateequipmentandpoortechnologycausehugewasteinproduction,whichcauseseriousenvironmentalpollution.@#@Thedestructiononlandresources@#@Stripminingandthepilingoftailingsandwasteresidueoccupiesanddestroyslargeland.Inchina,thewaste-occupiedlandinminingareaaddsupto59thousandkm^2andtheresultingdeforestationareaaddsupto11thousandkm^2（MaX-Q,HuangB-L,2010）.StripminingcanresultinthedestructionoflandsurfaceandLandSubsidenceandacceleratethewaterandsoillosses.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,bytheyearof2011,intheminingareaofwesternChina,theSoilerosionareaannuallyincreases20km^2.@#@Theincreaseoftheriskofgeologicaldisaster@#@Theconstructionofminingengineeringcansignificantlychangethelandforminminingarea.Diggingtoacertaindepthwillthreatenthestabilityofhillsideandeasilyinducesomegeologicaldisasters,suchaslandslip,collapse,debrisflow,surfacesubsidenceandevenearthquake（CaoF-G,2007）.Forexample,4tonsofwaterwillbedrainedoffwhen1tonofcoalismined.Thelossofgroundwaterexertshugepressureonearthcrust（Gibowicz,1999）.InChina,therearenearly2000sinkholesandthecollapseareaaddsupto1150km^2.Almost40oftheminingcitiesinChinahaveCave-inaccident,whichthreatensthelifeofmineoperatorsandcauseheavypropertyloss,about120milliondollarsonaverageeachyear.@#@Theinfluenceonwaterresource@#@Deepminingengineeringwillinfluencethesurfacewaterresourcesandgroundwaterresources.Excessivegroundwaterextractioncancausethedropofwaterlevel,someproblemsonwatersupplyandlandsubsidence（AuclairAD,2008）.Thequalitysurfacewaterwilldecreaseandthecourseofrivermightbechanged.Insome@#@droughtregion，thedropofgroundwaterlevelcanleadtothedeathoflandvegetation（BeckerM,2005）.Moreseriously,hugeamountsofindustrialwaterarerequiredto@#@3/@#@3@#@supportoverexploitationinmineral-abundantregionandmostofthewaterisdrawnfromagriculturalwater,whichinterferestheagriculturalproduction（ShiX-H,2009）.@#@Thelossofbiodiversity@#@Soildegradation,environmentalpollution,theemissionofwasteandvegetationclearingarefataltothebiodiversityinminingarea.Afterthelossofbiodiversity,somehigh-resistantspeciescanstillinhabittheabandonedlandinminingarea,butbecauseofthebarrensoilandthedeficiencyofmicroorganismactivity,therecoveryofecosystemusuallyneed10-50years（XiaoH-L,2011）.Thelossofbiodiversityinsomedamagedecosystemsisevenirreversible.@#@Thesolutionofthedisposalofsolidwasteresidue@#@Solidwasteresidueisthebiggestpolluterinminingareaandthedisposalofitstillplaguesthegovernmentandminingenterprises,soitdeservesaseparatediscussion.Theheavymetalioninsolidwasteisthemostharmfulsubstance.Oncecontactingwatersource,theseionswilldissolve,makingthewatercorrosiveandtoxic,anditisverydifficulttoextractthemfromthewater（FAO,2004）.@#@Hightechnologyofferstwonewmethodstosolvethisproblem.Oneismicroorganismtechnology.Theremovalofheavymetalionsbymicroorganismisanewapplicabletechnique.Varioustypesofbiomass,includingbacteria,fungi,yeastandalgaehavebeenevaluatedfortheirheavymetaluptakeproperties.Themostprominentfeaturesofbiosorptionaretheuseoflowcostbiomassmaterialandthehighefficiencyofsomebiomasstouptakeheavymetalsinverylowconcentration（JoseT.Matheickal,2001）.@#@Anotheroneisnewcorrosion-resistingclay.Thiskindofclayistoughened,innocuousandenvironmental-friendly.Intheprocessofdisposingthewasteresidue,theclaywillbefirstmadeintomud.Theclaymudcoversthesurfaceofwasteresidueandafteritdriesout,theclaywillbecomeawaterprooflayerandcanresistthecorrosionofanysubstanceinthesoil.Thenthewasteresiduecanbesequesteredundergroundsafely（Moore,2005）.@#@However,Zhu.J.Jhaspointedoutthepossibleresistanceoftheimplementationofthesemethods.ThereisalackofrelatedProfessionalStaff.Disposingthewasteresidueinhigh-techmethodswillincreasethecostofenterprises（ZhuJ-J,2009）.What’smore,someindi