英文读写literature review范文Word下载.docx
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Theinfluenceofminingexploitationonenvironmentandthesolutionofthedisposalofsolidwasteresidue@#@Bytheyearof2012,Chinahas8557State-ownedminingenterprisesandover200thousandsindividuallyownedenterprises.Theareaofdestroyedlandinminingareaaddsupto29thousandkm^2andgrowsattherateof2%eachyear(LiaoL-P,Gao.HandYuX-J,2012).Theminingindustryhasscoredtremendousachievements,butmeanwhileitthreatenstheenvironment.Someindividuallyownedenterpriseslacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandtakenopreventivemeasuretolowertheircost.Furthermore,out-of-dateequipmentandpoortechnologycausehugewasteinproduction,whichcauseseriousenvironmentalpollution.@#@Thedestructiononlandresources@#@Stripminingandthepilingoftailingsandwasteresidueoccupiesanddestroyslargeland.Inchina,thewaste-occupiedlandinminingareaaddsupto59thousandkm^2andtheresultingdeforestationareaaddsupto11thousandkm^2(MaX-Q,HuangB-L,2010).StripminingcanresultinthedestructionoflandsurfaceandLandSubsidenceandacceleratethewaterandsoillosses.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,bytheyearof2011,intheminingareaofwesternChina,theSoilerosionareaannuallyincreases20km^2.@#@Theincreaseoftheriskofgeologicaldisaster@#@Theconstructionofminingengineeringcansignificantlychangethelandforminminingarea.Diggingtoacertaindepthwillthreatenthestabilityofhillsideandeasilyinducesomegeologicaldisasters,suchaslandslip,collapse,debrisflow,surfacesubsidenceandevenearthquake(CaoF-G,2007).Forexample,4tonsofwaterwillbedrainedoffwhen1tonofcoalismined.Thelossofgroundwaterexertshugepressureonearthcrust(Gibowicz,1999).InChina,therearenearly2000sinkholesandthecollapseareaaddsupto1150km^2.Almost40oftheminingcitiesinChinahaveCave-inaccident,whichthreatensthelifeofmineoperatorsandcauseheavypropertyloss,about120milliondollarsonaverageeachyear.@#@Theinfluenceonwaterresource@#@Deepminingengineeringwillinfluencethesurfacewaterresourcesandgroundwaterresources.Excessivegroundwaterextractioncancausethedropofwaterlevel,someproblemsonwatersupplyandlandsubsidence(AuclairAD,2008).Thequalitysurfacewaterwilldecreaseandthecourseofrivermightbechanged.Insome@#@droughtregion,thedropofgroundwaterlevelcanleadtothedeathoflandvegetation(BeckerM,2005).Moreseriously,hugeamountsofindustrialwaterarerequiredto@#@3/@#@3@#@supportoverexploitationinmineral-abundantregionandmostofthewaterisdrawnfromagriculturalwater,whichinterferestheagriculturalproduction(ShiX-H,2009).@#@Thelossofbiodiversity@#@Soildegradation,environmentalpollution,theemissionofwasteandvegetationclearingarefataltothebiodiversityinminingarea.Afterthelossofbiodiversity,somehigh-resistantspeciescanstillinhabittheabandonedlandinminingarea,butbecauseofthebarrensoilandthedeficiencyofmicroorganismactivity,therecoveryofecosystemusuallyneed10-50years(XiaoH-L,2011).Thelossofbiodiversityinsomedamagedecosystemsisevenirreversible.@#@Thesolutionofthedisposalofsolidwasteresidue@#@Solidwasteresidueisthebiggestpolluterinminingareaandthedisposalofitstillplaguesthegovernmentandminingenterprises,soitdeservesaseparatediscussion.Theheavymetalioninsolidwasteisthemostharmfulsubstance.Oncecontactingwatersource,theseionswilldissolve,makingthewatercorrosiveandtoxic,anditisverydifficulttoextractthemfromthewater(FAO,2004).@#@Hightechnologyofferstwonewmethodstosolvethisproblem.Oneismicroorganismtechnology.Theremovalofheavymetalionsbymicroorganismisanewapplicabletechnique.Varioustypesofbiomass,includingbacteria,fungi,yeastandalgaehavebeenevaluatedfortheirheavymetaluptakeproperties.Themostprominentfeaturesofbiosorptionaretheuseoflowcostbiomassmaterialandthehighefficiencyofsomebiomasstouptakeheavymetalsinverylowconcentration(JoseT.Matheickal,2001).@#@Anotheroneisnewcorrosion-resistingclay.Thiskindofclayistoughened,innocuousandenvironmental-friendly.Intheprocessofdisposingthewasteresidue,theclaywillbefirstmadeintomud.Theclaymudcoversthesurfaceofwasteresidueandafteritdriesout,theclaywillbecomeawaterprooflayerandcanresistthecorrosionofanysubstanceinthesoil.Thenthewasteresiduecanbesequesteredundergroundsafely(Moore,2005).@#@However,Zhu.J.Jhaspointedoutthepossibleresistanceoftheimplementationofthesemethods.ThereisalackofrelatedProfessionalStaff.Disposingthewasteresidueinhigh-techmethodswillincreasethecostofenterprises(ZhuJ-J,2009).What’smore,someindi