Hnd采购outcome2Word下载.docx

Hnd采购outcome2Word下载.docx

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4.0EvaluatetheFinancialRiskonExchangeRateofIPD

4.1TheInfluenceoftheFluctuationonExchangeRatetoPayment

4.2TheBenefitofForwardBuyingtoanImporter

5.0TheEffectofCounter-TradeonOverseasTrading

6.0TheNeedForAnIPDtoAchieveContinuityandSecurityofSupplyRequirements

7.0Conclusion

8.0Reference

Thisreportisrequestedbyinternationalpurchasingandsupply.Itwillevaluatethekeychallengesinoverseassourcing.

Thereportwillassesstheculture,languageandcommunicationofoverseasprocurement.Atthesametime,itanalyzesthefactorsthataffectexchangerate.Inadditiontothis,inpdcurrencyfinancialriskwillalsobementioned.Ofcourse,thereportwilldiscusstradeandneedofIPD,inordertoachievethecontinuityofsupplyrequirementsandsafety.

2.0TheEffectsofCulture,LanguageandCommunication

Becauseofdifferencesinlanguageandculturalexchangeswith,leadingtodifferentbodylanguageandidiomofnegotiationsthetwosidestouse,itmakesthenegotiationsmoredifficult.SofortheIPDforenteringthemarketmustfirstinvestigatethedifferencesofcultureandlanguage,andtoovercometheimpactofdifferencesinlanguageandculturalcontextbrings.

Toavoidproblemscausedbythesedifferences,wecanuseHofstede'

sfiveculturaldimensions（Hofstede,Geert,1984）tomeasurethedifferentcountriesandculturaldifferences.Thisfiveculturaldimensionsincludingpowerdistance,Individualism（IDV）vs.Collectivism,Uncertaintyavoidanceindex,Masculinity（MAS）,vs.Femininity,Long-termorientation（LTO）,vs.shorttermorientationandIndulgenceversusrestraint（IVR）.

Forexample,tounderstandacountry'

smanagementculture,younotonlyhaveknowledgeofthiscountry,butalsoitsculturehaveacompleteconcept,cantakethehint.BMmakeChina'

sprocurementandEuropearedifferent.InChina,thelong-termdirectionishigher,sowhenIBMmadethesigningofcontractswithChinesesuppliers,theyhavetomakealong-termcontract,becausetheChinesesuppliersconcernedaboutthefuture,butitisanothercaseinEurope.Inadditiontothis,differentcountrieshavedifferentlanguagesandcommunicationmode,itcancausesomeproblems.Forexample,IBMandChinesesupplierstocommunicateinEnglish,butbecauseofthelanguagedifference,suppliersneedtohireatranslator,itmayleadtomisunderstandings.CommunicationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesintheUnitedStatesmaywishtoreachanagreementandsignedacontract,whileChinamaytakemoretimefornon-commercialactivities,intheformofminilecturesandhospitablepreferenceagreementtoestablisharelationshipfirst.Therefore,thesewillaffecttheoverseasprocurement.

Therearemanyfactorsthatcanaffecttheexchangerate,asinflation,interestrates,thecurrentaccountdeficit,publicdebt,tradeandpoliticalstabilityandeconomicperformance.Thesefactorswillaffecttheexchangerateindifferentways.

Inflation（Ottawa:

JamesonBooks,1990）impliesariseinthedomesticpricelevel,whenamajorityoftheeconomyandlaborcommoditypricesgenerallyrosecontinuouslyoveraperiodoftime,itsaidthattheeconomyhasexperiencedsignificantinflation.Becausethepriceisthevalueofacountry'

scommoditycurrencies,inflationmeansthatrepresentativesofthecountry'

scurrencyValuedecrease.Inthecaseofdomesticandinternationalcommoditymarketsarecloselylinked,ingeneral,inflationanddomesticpriceswouldresultinadecreaseandincreaseexportsofimportedgoods,thusanimpactonsupplyanddemandontheforeignexchangemarket,resultinginthecountry'

sexchangeratefluctuations.Atthesametime,adeclineinthevalueofdomesticcurrencywillcertainlyaffectitsexternalvalue,weakeningthecountry'

screditstandingintheinternationalcurrencymarket,peoplewillexpecttheexchangerateduetoinflationandthecountry'

sweakcurrencywilltendtoholdthehandsofthenationalcurrencyconvertedintoothercurrencies,causingthedollartofall.Inaccordancewiththelawofonepriceandpurchasingpowerparitytheory,whenthevalueofacountry'

sinflationrateinflationrateinanothercountry,thatcountry'

scurrencyrelativetoanotherrepresentativeoftheactualcurrencyinreducingthecountry'

scurrencywilldecline.Onthecontrary,itwillrise.

Forexample,beforethe1990s,theJapaneseyenandthedeutschemarkexchangerateisverystrongoriginaloneimportantreasonisthattheinflationratehasbeenverylowinbothcountries.BritainandItaly'

sinflationrateisoftenhigherthantheaverageofotherWesterncountries,sothatthetwocurrenciesattheexchangerateonadowntrend.

4.0Evaluatet