Hnd采购outcome2Word下载.docx
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4.0EvaluatetheFinancialRiskonExchangeRateofIPD
4.1TheInfluenceoftheFluctuationonExchangeRatetoPayment
4.2TheBenefitofForwardBuyingtoanImporter
5.0TheEffectofCounter-TradeonOverseasTrading
6.0TheNeedForAnIPDtoAchieveContinuityandSecurityofSupplyRequirements
7.0Conclusion
8.0Reference
Thisreportisrequestedbyinternationalpurchasingandsupply.Itwillevaluatethekeychallengesinoverseassourcing.
Thereportwillassesstheculture,languageandcommunicationofoverseasprocurement.Atthesametime,itanalyzesthefactorsthataffectexchangerate.Inadditiontothis,inpdcurrencyfinancialriskwillalsobementioned.Ofcourse,thereportwilldiscusstradeandneedofIPD,inordertoachievethecontinuityofsupplyrequirementsandsafety.
2.0TheEffectsofCulture,LanguageandCommunication
Becauseofdifferencesinlanguageandculturalexchangeswith,leadingtodifferentbodylanguageandidiomofnegotiationsthetwosidestouse,itmakesthenegotiationsmoredifficult.SofortheIPDforenteringthemarketmustfirstinvestigatethedifferencesofcultureandlanguage,andtoovercometheimpactofdifferencesinlanguageandculturalcontextbrings.
Toavoidproblemscausedbythesedifferences,wecanuseHofstede'
sfiveculturaldimensions(Hofstede,Geert,1984)tomeasurethedifferentcountriesandculturaldifferences.Thisfiveculturaldimensionsincludingpowerdistance,Individualism(IDV)vs.Collectivism,Uncertaintyavoidanceindex,Masculinity(MAS),vs.Femininity,Long-termorientation(LTO),vs.shorttermorientationandIndulgenceversusrestraint(IVR).
Forexample,tounderstandacountry'
smanagementculture,younotonlyhaveknowledgeofthiscountry,butalsoitsculturehaveacompleteconcept,cantakethehint.BMmakeChina'
sprocurementandEuropearedifferent.InChina,thelong-termdirectionishigher,sowhenIBMmadethesigningofcontractswithChinesesuppliers,theyhavetomakealong-termcontract,becausetheChinesesuppliersconcernedaboutthefuture,butitisanothercaseinEurope.Inadditiontothis,differentcountrieshavedifferentlanguagesandcommunicationmode,itcancausesomeproblems.Forexample,IBMandChinesesupplierstocommunicateinEnglish,butbecauseofthelanguagedifference,suppliersneedtohireatranslator,itmayleadtomisunderstandings.CommunicationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesintheUnitedStatesmaywishtoreachanagreementandsignedacontract,whileChinamaytakemoretimefornon-commercialactivities,intheformofminilecturesandhospitablepreferenceagreementtoestablisharelationshipfirst.Therefore,thesewillaffecttheoverseasprocurement.
Therearemanyfactorsthatcanaffecttheexchangerate,asinflation,interestrates,thecurrentaccountdeficit,publicdebt,tradeandpoliticalstabilityandeconomicperformance.Thesefactorswillaffecttheexchangerateindifferentways.
Inflation(Ottawa:
JamesonBooks,1990)impliesariseinthedomesticpricelevel,whenamajorityoftheeconomyandlaborcommoditypricesgenerallyrosecontinuouslyoveraperiodoftime,itsaidthattheeconomyhasexperiencedsignificantinflation.Becausethepriceisthevalueofacountry'
scommoditycurrencies,inflationmeansthatrepresentativesofthecountry'
scurrencyValuedecrease.Inthecaseofdomesticandinternationalcommoditymarketsarecloselylinked,ingeneral,inflationanddomesticpriceswouldresultinadecreaseandincreaseexportsofimportedgoods,thusanimpactonsupplyanddemandontheforeignexchangemarket,resultinginthecountry'
sexchangeratefluctuations.Atthesametime,adeclineinthevalueofdomesticcurrencywillcertainlyaffectitsexternalvalue,weakeningthecountry'
screditstandingintheinternationalcurrencymarket,peoplewillexpecttheexchangerateduetoinflationandthecountry'
sweakcurrencywilltendtoholdthehandsofthenationalcurrencyconvertedintoothercurrencies,causingthedollartofall.Inaccordancewiththelawofonepriceandpurchasingpowerparitytheory,whenthevalueofacountry'
sinflationrateinflationrateinanothercountry,thatcountry'
scurrencyrelativetoanotherrepresentativeoftheactualcurrencyinreducingthecountry'
scurrencywilldecline.Onthecontrary,itwillrise.
Forexample,beforethe1990s,theJapaneseyenandthedeutschemarkexchangerateisverystrongoriginaloneimportantreasonisthattheinflationratehasbeenverylowinbothcountries.BritainandItaly'
sinflationrateisoftenhigherthantheaverageofotherWesterncountries,sothatthetwocurrenciesattheexchangerateonadowntrend.
4.0Evaluatet