高考英语阅读理解的综合热点考点难点及详细答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解的综合热点考点难点及详细答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解的综合热点考点难点及详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Afewhoursaftermyfirstmission,returningtoEarthonthespaceshuttleEndeavour,Icompletedallofmymedicaltestsafterflight,metwithNASAofficials,andreunitedwithmyfamily.Finally,IwasaloneinmyofficeroominastronautcrewquartersattheKennedySpaceCenter,exhaustedandreadyforbed.AndIdidwhatanyonedoeswhentheyreturntotheirhotelroomonabusinesstrip:

IturnedontheTV.Thetelevisionnewsstartedup:

Suchandsuchhadhappened,peoplewereshocked,blahblahblah.Sportsscores.Sillycommercials.

   Itdidn'ttakemorethanaminutebeforeIhadtoturnitoff.Itfeltlikemybodywasrejectingallthisinput,justasitwouldrejectanorgandonationthathadthewrongbloodtype.AllofthisnoisewasjustcompletelyforeigntowhoIwas—or,moreappropriately,whoIhadbecome.Afewhoursbefore,IhadbeenorbitingEarth,seeingourplanetfromspace,flyingthemostamazingmachineeverbuiltbyhumanhands,workingwithateamthatwastheabsolutesuccessofhuman.Andnowhereinmyroomwatchingwhatwasbeingsoldasnews,andwithmynewfoundperspective,Ijustcouldnotstomachit.Myworldviewwaschangedforeverinaprofound（深刻的）way.

   ThebiggestchangebyfarandtheoneforwhichIwillalwaysbemostgratefulisthisbig-pictureperspective.Thatwillstickwithmefortherestofmylife.

   WheneverIfeelthepressureofmodernlife,thestressaboutwork,orworryaboutthefuture,Iremembermytimeinthespacestation.BacktoseeingthesunsetOrwatchingourgalaxyriseonthehorizon.Orseeingaseaoflightningflashahundredtimesasecond.Orsimplybacktofloatingweightlessly.

   WhenI'mthereinmymindandrealizehowmanybillionsofthesebeautifulsunsetstherehavebeenandwillbeinthefuture,thecaresoftheworldjustdon'tseemthatpressing.Itgoesthat,"Donotworryabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillworryaboutitself."Livingdailylifedownhereontheplanetissomuchbetterwiththisattitude!

（1）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordstomachinparagraph2?

A. Access.                              

B. Attend.                              

C. Accept.                              

D. Afford.

（2）Whatisthemostimportantchangetothewriter?

A. Hehasabroaderviewoftheworld.

B. Hedoesn'tlikewatchingTVanymore.

C. Hewillalwaysbemostgratefulforeverything.

D. Hecanflythemostamazingmachinebyhands.

（3）Whatattitudetolifedoesthewritertendtohave?

A. cagedbirdlongsforclouds.                            B. Liveinthepresentmoment.

C. Letbygonesbebygones.                                 

D. Timeworksgreatchanges.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度的变化。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Itdidn'ttakemorethanaminutebeforeIhadtoturnitoff.”以及画线词后的“Myworldviewwaschangedforeverinaprofound（深刻的）way.”可知，我的世界观以一种深刻的方式永远改变了，因此此处是说以我现在的视角，看这种新闻是我无法忍受的，所以不到一分钟我就关掉了电视，由此可知画线词词义为“接受、忍受”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ThebiggestchangebyfarandtheoneforwhichIwillalwaysbemostgratefulisthisbig-pictureperspective.”可知，作者最重要的改变是他对世界有更广阔的看法，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Itgoesthat,‘Donotworryabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillworryaboutitself.’Livingdailylifedownhereontheplanetissomuchbetterwiththisattitude!

”可知，它说，“不要为将来担心，生活在这个星球上的日常生活是如此的好，这句话表明了作者对待生活的态度是不要担心将来，活在当下，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Theageofadulthoodisbydefinitionarbitrary.Ifeveryonematuredatthesame,fixedrate,itwouldn'tbeahumanprocess.Indeed,maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacrossdifferentcategorieswithinthesameindividual,soI'dsayIwaseasilyoldenoughtovoteat16,butnobodyshouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32,andI'vegotthecountycourtjudgmenttoproveit.

   However,webroadlyagreethatthere'sadifferencebetweenachildandanadult,evenifwemightargueaboutthetransitionpoint.SothepoliticaltheoristDavidRunciman'sviewthatsix-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtovotegoesagainstanystandardargumentabouttheageofcivicresponsibility.Nobodywouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheldcriminallyresponsible,couldbesenttowar,couldbecapableofconsent,couldbegivenresponsibilityforanything.Soallowingthemthevote—alongwith,unavoidably,seven-year-oldswhoareevensillier,ifanything—isquiteanamusingproposal.

   Runciman'sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife,whichiscurrentlytwistedinfavoroftheold,whodon't（headded）everneedtodemonstratementalcapacity,evenlongafterthey'velostit.

   Thefirstpartofhiscaseisself-evident:

pensionsareprotectedwhilechildren'scentersareclosed,conceptssuchassovereignty（最高权威）areprioritizedoverthefarmoreurgentbusinessofthefuture:

climatechange.Nostalgia（怀念）forapasttheyoungwouldn'tevenrecognizeplaysacentralrole,whichiscompletelyunfair.

   Mostoftheargumentsagainstgivingsix-year-oldsavotearethatchildrenwouldendupvotingforsomethingdamagingandchaotic,ifsomeonemadeunrealisticpromisestothem,whichcouldneverberealized.Well,it'snotchildren'sfault.

   Havingsaidthat,childrendotendtowardstheprogressive,havinganaturalsenseofjustice（whichkicksinattheageofsixmonths,psychologistshaveshown,bycreatingscenesofgreatunfairnesstobabies,andmakingthemcry）andanunderdevelopedsenseofself-interest.Mykid,whenhewassix,madequiteaforcefulcaseagainstprivateproperty,onthebasisthat,sinceeverybodyneededahouse,theyshouldn'tcostmoney,becausenobodywouldwantanyoneelsenottohaveone.Also,foodshouldbefree.Itwasakindofpre-Marxcommunism,whereyoulimitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlythosethingsthatyouwouldn'tmindsomeoneelsenothaving.

   Onthatparticularday,whenwewereregisteredasvoters,mykidwasquitefartotheleftofme,butinthenormalrunofthings,we'reunited,whichbringsustothepointoftheproblem:

childrenobeyyouonalmostnothing,buttheydoseemtobelieveinyourpoliticsuntilthey'readolescent.Sogivingkidsthevoteisreallyjustawayofgivingparentsextravotes.Andwhatcanstopushavingevenmorechildren,oncethere'ssomuchenfranchisement（选举权）initforus?

   Now,ifparentscouldbetrustedtousetheirinfluencewisely,andhammerintochildrenthepoliticsitwilltaketoassureabetterfuture,thenIwouldn'tnecessarilyhaveaproblemwiththat,apartfrom,obviously,thatcultureisalreadywildlytwistedtowardsparents,andIcanimagineafewnon-parentsboilingwithfierceanger.Butthat'snotworthtalkingaboutanyway,becauseparentscan'tbetrusted,otherwisewe'dallalreadyvoteGreen（绿党）.

   Inshort:

no,six-year-oldsshouldnotgetthevote;butwhilewe'rehere,ifanyvotescomeupinthenearfuture,whichwillhaveanimpactonthenextfivedecadesofBritishpoliticallife,alongsideEUmigrants,16-year-oldscertainlyshouldbeenfranchised.

（1）Theauthorreferstohisageofadulthoodtoprovethat________.

A. certainrightsaregrantedatdifferentstagesoflife

B. there'sacommonstandardfortheageofadulthood

C. peoplematureatdifferentratesinvariousaspects

D. acreditcardismoredifficulttogetthanthevote

（2）PeoplerejectDavidRunciman'sproposalbecause________.

A. theybelievechildrenarefarfrommatureinmanyways

B. theyareuncertainwhetherchildrencanassumeresponsibility

C. theyknowtheagetogetthevoteisnottobequestioned

D. theydon'tthinkachildcangrowintoadulthoodearlier

（3）WhatisthebaseforDavidRunciman'sargument?

A. Publicignoranceofchildren'sabilities.          

B. Inequalitiesofopportunity.

C. Aculturalpreferencefortheold.                    D. Theimbalanceinpoliticallife.

（4）Theauthortalksabouthiskidtoindicatethat________.

A. childrenareinfavorofajustsocietyandtendtobeidealistic

B. childrenareinnocentanddon'twanttobeinvolvedinpolitics

C. childrenaresimple-mindedandcanfallforanadult'strick

D. childrenaregood-naturedandliketohelppeopleinneed

（5）Theauthorthinksallowingchildrenthevotemayleadto________.

A. twistedculture       

B. parents'objections       

C. misuseofrights       

D. unusualmaturation

（6）Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

A. Thereisadifferencebetweenadultsandchildren.

B. Allowingchildrenthevoteisnotaltogetherabsurd.

C. Thedefinitionofadulthoodisquitecontroversial.

D. Parentsshouldintroducepoliticstotheirchildren.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Indeed,maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacrossdifferentcategorieswithinthesameindividual,soI'dsayIwaseasilyoldenoughtovoteat16,butnobodyshouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32,andI'vegotthecountycourtjudgmenttoproveit.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Nobodywouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheldcriminallyresponsible,couldbesenttowar,couldbecapableofconsent,couldbegivenresponsibilityforanything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。

由此推断，人们拒绝DavidRunciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Runciman'sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第四段中的“Mykid,whenhewassix,madequiteaforcefulcaseagainstprivateproperty,onthebasisthat,sinceeverybodyneededaho