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DigitalToolsinLandscapeArchitecture（景观设计中的数字工具）

文献作者：

NŅitavska，AMengots

文献出处：

《ScientificJournalofLatviaUniversityofAgricultureLandscapeArchitectureandArt》,2017,11（11）:

42-50

字数统计：

英文2507单词，13798字符；

中文4104汉字

外文文献



DigitalToolsinLandscapeArchitecture

Abstract Nowadaysprofessionaltoolsinlandscapearchitecturearemorerelatedtodigitaltools.Landscapearchitects’handpoweredtoolshavebeenreplacedbycomputersanddigitaltoolswherethetraditionaltechniquesaresupplementedwith3Dmodellingandanimationforlandscapeplanningindifferentscalesandfordifferentprojectslevels.ThemainaimofthispaperistounderstandandanalysetheuseofdigitaltoolsinlandscapearchitectureandplanninginLatvia.ForthecollectionofdataforthisstudyaquestionnairewasdesignedandsenttoLatvianlandscapearchitectsandplanners.Thequestionsitincludedwereonhowlandscapearchitectsandplannersusedigitaltoolsfortherepresentationoftheirsketchesandideasandonwhatkindofdigitaltoolstheyuseindifferentlandscapetypesandscales.Resultsshowedthatallthesurveyedlandscapearchitectsusedigitaltoolsintheireverydayprofessionalpractice–forlandscapedesignorassessment.Mostofthemalsostillusethetraditionaldrawingsbyhandfordraftsketchesandideas,butforcommunicationwithpublic,projectsanddesignselaboratedbydigitaltoolsareused.Landscapearchitectshaveemphasizedthegreatpotentialofdigitaltoolsforenhancingcommunicationbetweenthelandscapearchitect andthepotentialuser.Digitaltools（visualizations,animations,3Dmodels,etc.）allowthepotentialusertoparticipateinthelandscapeplanningprocessandeasilyimaginethelandscapebeforeitiscreated.

Todaylandscapearchitectsusedigitaltoolstoproducethefinalprojectpresentationimages（visualizations）inthelandscapeplanningprocessesforsellingoftheproject.However,webelievethatinfuturethereisapotentialforusingdigitaltoolsmoreasacommunicationtool,whichcanhelpincontactingclientsatvariouslevelsoftheprojectimplementation,especiallyintheearlystagesofthedesign.

Keywords:

digitaltools,visualcommunication,landscapearchitecture

Introduction

Thelandscapearchitect’sdailyworkisassociatedwithlandscapingprojectsofvaryingscales,specificsandlevels,landscaperesearchorlandscapemanagementplanning.Thelandscapearchitect'

sprofessioniscomparativelynew –datingbackalittleoverahundredyearsago,whenin1863theBoardofCentralParkCommissioninNewYorkCityapprovedalandscapearchitect'

sposition.Sincethen,thisnewprofessionhadofficiallygainedmorestabilityandrecognitioninitsdevelopment.Inlandscapearchitectureartsandprofessionalknowledgeinthefieldoflandscapeplanningaswellassocial,ecologicalandmentalaspectsarecloselyintertwined.Theresultsofday-to-daylandscapearchitect’sworkareoftensubjecttopubliccriticismandperception,thusinfluencingtheivolvementoftheresidentsintheissuesoflandscapeconservation,planning,designandinstallation.

Howdoinformationtransferandcommunicationtakeplace?

Whattoolscanalandscape architect use to more effectively prepare quality information,simultaneouslymakingiteasierfortheresidentsandclientstoperceivetheideas.Nowadaysmoreandmoredigitaltoolsarebeingusedinthefieldoflandscapearchitecture,which,ontheonehandfacilitatesthepresentationoftheresultsoftheremotelandscapearchitect'

swork,butontheotherhandreducesthepossibilityofusingtraditionaldrawingmethodswithoutadditionalprocessingandalsoleavesnoroomfordirectcommunication.

Digitaltoolsallowthelandscapearchitectstousenewapproachesandmethodsinplanningandcommunicatingaboutlandscapeplanning,conservation,renovation,orinstallingissues.Inseveralstudiestheuseofdigitaltoolshasbeenparticularly

emphasizedinlandscapearchitectureandplanninginordertoimprovetheprojectperceptionandcommunicationamonglandscapearchitectsandprofessionals,residents,clientsaswellascolleagues.Theuseofthesedigitaltoolsisdiverse,anditisadjustabletotheprojectsofdifferentscalesandcomplexityindifferentstagesofdevelopment:

illustrative,immersive,interactive,intuitiveandintensive.

So,oneoftheaspectsisthecommunicationwithclientsandresidents.Apartofthiscommunicationistheemotionaldesignwhichdoesnotdepicttherealfunctionoflandscapeorrealproportions,butinfluencetheclientsandresidentsthroughartistictoolsattheemotionallevel.Theauthorsintheirstudycallthatkindofemotionaldesigna“woweffect”whichworksnotonlyinlandscapearchitecturebutalsoinallthedesignfieldsthroughouttheworldanditismoreorientedtowardssellingofth