湖南农业大学811综合知识外国语言学及应用语言学专业考研初试真题Word格式.docx
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SectionA:
Linguistics(55points)
I.DefineFIVEofthefollowingterms.(10points,2pointseach)
1.appliedlinguistics
2.culturaltransmission
3.assimilationrule
4category
5.namingtheory
6.homonymy
7.languageacquisition
II.Fillineachblankwithasuitableterm,withsomeoftheinitiallettersgiven.(10points,1pointeach)
1.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansofv_________communication.
2.Linguisticp_________issimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’scompetence.
3.Thepredicationofthesentence“Helencries”issaidtoconsistofthea_______“HELEN”andthepredicate“CRY”,andthepredicationcanbewrittenasHELEN(CRY).
4.Allvowelsoundsarev________,whileconsonantsoundscanbeeitherv________orv________.
5.Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto___________construction,theoppositeofendocentricconstruction.
6.Conceptualistsmaintainthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenlinguisticandwhatitrefersto.ThisisbestillustratedbytheclassicSemantic_________byOgdenandRichards.
7.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled________.
8.Tom’sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof______.
Bob:
Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?
Tom:
Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?
III.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.(15points,1.5pointseach)
1.Narrowtranscriptionisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandtextbooksforgeneralpurposes.
2.Bothphonologyandphoneticsareconcernedwiththesameaspectsoflanguage___thespeechsounds,buttheydifferintheirapproachandfocus.
3.Such“grammatical”.or“functional”wordsasconjunctionsandprepositionsarecalledopenclasswords.
4.Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.
5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzelexicalmeaning.
6.SpeechacttheoryproposedbyJohnAustinisanimportanttheoryinpragmaticstudyoflanguage.
7.Acronymsarewordsformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.
8.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisaregister.
9.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.
10.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes..
IV.ChooseFIVEofthefollowingquestionstoanswer.(20points,4pointseach)
1.Whatdoyouthinkisthedifferencebetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning?
2.Whatdoyouthinkoftherelatednessbetweenlanguageandsociety?
3.Makeyourowncommentsontherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.
4.DoyouthinkBlackEnglishisanillogicalandinferiorvarietyofEnglish?
Why(not)?
5.Whatisasemanticfield?
Canyouillustrateit?
6.MakeacommentonONEofthefollowinglinguists’contributiontolinguisticstudy:
(1)Halliday’s;
(2)Bloomfield’s;
(3)Hymes’;
(4)WangLi’s(王力)
7.WhatdoyouthinkofKrashen’sInputHypothesis?
SectionB:
Translation(60points)
I.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(30points)
THREEDAYSTOSEE
HelenKeller
Allofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesasshortastwentyfourhours.Butalwayswewereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Ispeak,ofcourse,offreemanwhohaveachoice,notcondemnedcriminalswhosesphereofactivitiesisstrictlydelimited.
Suchstoriessetusthinking,wonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,whatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?
Whathappinessshouldwefindinreviewingthepast,whatregrets?
SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldemphasizesharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithagentleness,avigor,andakeennessofappreciationwhichareoftenlostwhentimestretchesbeforeusintheconstantpanoramaofmoredaysandmonthsandyearstocome.Therearethose,ofcourse,whowouldadopttheepicureanmottoof'
Eat,drink,andbemerry,'
butmostpeoplewouldbechastenedbythecertaintyofimpendingdeath.
Mostofus,however,takelifeforgranted.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.
Thesamelethargy,Iamafraid,characteri