海淀高一期末第二学期七月考前参考样题一21.docx
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海淀高一期末第二学期七月考前参考样题一21
海淀区2019-2020学年度第二学期高一期末练习考前参考样题--阅读理解
(一)
考点一科技(必修第二册Unit4)
篇目一
WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”,itwashardtoimaginethisdynamic11-year-oldgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathasescapedscientistsforyears.
Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(装置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydeterminelead(铅)levelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(诉讼)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014to2015,RaodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamedAmerica’sTopYoungScientistfor2017.
Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Gitanjalispentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Gitanjaliworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:
acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(纳米管)thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.
RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysaftertheGreekgoddessoffreshwater,andishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”,herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutRao’sdevice?
A.It’scheapandquick.B.It’scheapandinaccurate.
C.It’sexpensiveandreliable.D.It’sportableandtime-consuming.
2.WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice?
A.Herparents’suggestions.B.ThenameoftheGreekgoddess.
C.Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.D.ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.
3.Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas?
A.Sendingimmediatesignals.B.Recordingthereactionresults.
C.Cetectingthepresenceoflead.D.Showingthewaterqualityresults.
4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao’sinvention?
A.ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.
B.ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.
C.ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.
D.Itwillsoonsettlethelead-pollutedproblemthoroughly.
篇目二
We knowthatoursmartphonesareexpertly-designeddistractiondevicesthatweakenoureffortstoresist.But,wealsoknowthatresistanceisimportantifwe’reevergoingtofindaworkablemiddlegroundwithourphones–andarecent hasservedupanotherreasontostrengthenourresolve.
Hereitis:
whenyoupickupyourphonewhiledoinganythingmentallychallenging,you'rehandicappingyourbrain’sabilitytorechargeandperformancepredictablydecreases.
That’stheconclusionofastudythatputroughly400collegestudentstotasksolvingchallengingwordpuzzles.Whentheywereabouthalfwaythrough,theresearchersallowedmostofthestudentstotakeabreakeitherusingtheirphones,usingacomputerorreadingaprintcircular.Otherstudentsweretoldtojustkeeponworkingwithoutanysortofbreak.
Theresultsshowedthatthestudentswhotookabreakwiththeirphonesweretheworstperformersofallthegroups.Theytook19%longertofinishthetasksandtheysolved22%fewerword-problemsthanalltheothergroupscombined.Infact,thecell-phonegroup’sefficiencyandprocessingspeedwasaboutthesameasthegroupthattooknobreak.
Thereasonofferedbytheresearchersisn’tmerelybecausedigitaldevicesareinherentlyengaging(迷人的),butbecause oursmartphonesareattentiongatesintosomanyotherattention-catchingareas,eachpullingourmentalenergyindifferentdirections.
Thisresearchstressesthatweignoredtheenergyreductionfromusingoursmartphones,andthatwewereover-confidentaboutwhatourbrainscanhandle. Wealsooverlookedtheemotionalconnectionwe'ddevelopedwithourphones. It'snolongerjustadevice.It'sacompanion.
“Itisimportanttoknowthecostsassociatedwithreachingforthisdeviceduringeveryspareminute,”Kurtzbergadded.“Weassumeit’snodifferentfromanyotherbreak–butthephonemaycarryincreasinglevelsofdistractionthatmakeitdifficulttoreturnfocusedattentiontoworktasks.”
1.Whatdoes“resolve”inParagraph1referto?
A.Findingaworkablephone.B.Resistingusingphones.
C.Makingfulluseofphones.D.Upgradingpersonalphones.
2.Theunderlinedword“handicapping”inParagraph2probablymeans___________.
A.strengtheningB.performingC.weakeningD.changing
3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?
A.Therearetwogroupsofstudentsintheresearch.
B.Allthestudentscannottakeabreakintheresearch.
C.Thecell-phonegroupdidbestinsolvingthepuzzles.
D.Studentshavetocompletewordpuzzlesbeforethebreak.
4.What’sthemainideaoftheParagraph6?
A.Thephoneisnolongerfavoredbypeople.
B.Thephoneisnotaspowerfulasexpected.
C.Peoplecannotconnectemotionallywithphones.
D.Peopledidn’tfullyunderstandtheeffectofphones.
篇目三
ManyAmericansthinkofdriverlesscarsasafuturistictechnologythatwillrevolutionizetravelincitiesandalongstatehighways.ButrecentexperimentsareprovingthatautonomousvehiclesalsohavethepotentialtoimprovethequalityoflifeformillionsofAmericansunderservedbytraditionalmodesoftransportation,suchastheelderlyanddisabled,solongaslawmakersmakesmartpoliciesthatpavethewayforinnovation.
AretirementcommunityinSanJose,Calif.,whichhasbeentransformedbyasmallfleetofdriverlesstaxis,showsthepotentialofself-drivingcarstotransformpeople’slives.Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage,themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad,butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles,whichallowthemtoparticipateinsocialactivitiestheywouldotherwisebeunabletoenjoysimplybecausetheycouldnotgettothem.
Whenthetrialrunfinallyexpandsto15milesofroad,theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.Asthesecarscontinuetoserveresidentsthere,itiseasytounderstandwhyCaliforniaismovingtosimplifyregulationsfortheindustry.
InMichigan,forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles,especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.TheMichiganDisabilityRightsCoalitionhasstronglyadvocatedforthedevelopmentofthistechnology,sayingthatitcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling,independentlives.
Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation,butitistoooftenoverlookedthatthisfuturecannotarrivefastenoughformillionsofAmericanswhoareforcedtodependonothersforday-to-daytravel.ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan,andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.
1.What’stheattitudeofmostAmericanpeopletothefutureofautonomousvehicles?
A.Curious.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.
2.WhatisthemodifiedFordFusion?
A.Akindofautonomousvehicle.B.Afleetofdriverlesstaxis.
C.Aroadfordriverlesscars.D.Aretirementcommunity.
3.WhatareexamplesinCaliforniaandMichigantoprove?
A.Driverlesscars’disadvantages.B.Governments’rightdecisions.
C.Benefitstotheagedandthedisabled.D.Theregulationsareforward-thinking.
4.Whatdoestheauthorattempttoinformusinthelastparagraph?
A.Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarshavebeenfullyunlocked.
B.Regulationsshouldgohandinhandwithdriverlesstechnology.
C.Theconceptofautonomousvehicleshasbeenwidelyrecognized.
D.Theweakgroupsareoftenoverlookeddespitetechnologyadvances.
篇目四
A27-year-oldinventor,JocoPauloLammoglia,hascomeupwithanewdevicenamedtheAIREmask,whichiscapableofconvertingthewindenergyprovidedbythewearer’sbreathintoelectricalenergy.Thismeansbreathinghasbecomeasourceofrenewableenergy.Theinspirationfortheinventioncamefromhiswatchingchildrenblowingonpinwheels(玩具风车).
Thedeviceiswornlikeamaskequippedwithtinywindturbines(涡轮机)anditcanworkitsmagicevenwhilepeoplearesleeping,joggingorhangingaround,sinceenergyiscreatedfromone’sbreath.TheprincipleofthisAIREmaskissimple.TheinventionusesthewindflowcreatedbybreathingandchangesitintoenergythatcanchargemobilephonesandiPods.Simplyputthismaskconnectedtoyourmobilephoneonyourface.Theresttakesplacenaturallythroughyourbreaththatprovidespowertorunturbineswhichproduceelectricity.
LammogliaexplainedhowusefulhehopestheAIREwillbecome.Hesaid,"Ihopetobringtheconceptintoproductionandreducethecarbonfootprint.Itcanbeusedindoorsoroutdoors,whileyou’resleeping,walking,runningorevenreadingbooks."Apartfromsavingenergyandcontributingtotheenvironmentalprotection,italsoencouragesthe
practiceofphysicalexercise.Thisisanentirelyall-timerenewableenergysource.Itsenergyisavailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.
LammogliaexplainedwhyhethoughttheAIREwassouseful,saying,"Thoughmanyofourmoderndevicesofferbenefits,theytendtoconsumeahighamountofe