浙江省高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解讲义.docx
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浙江省高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解讲义
阅读理解
阅读理解真题检测
（一） 2018年6月浙江高考
A
In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteampoweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.
In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.
HowdidDickensgettothetop？
Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901；todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalfdozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.
语篇解读：
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
21．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?
A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.
B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.
C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.
D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.
解析：
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段内容尤其是最后一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。
故选C项。
22．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.
A．hisreputationinFrance
B．hisinterestinmodernart
C．hissuccessinpublication
D．hisimportanceinliterature
解析：
选D 推理判断题。
根据第二段最后一句“Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。
23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A．Torememberagreatwriter.
B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.
C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.
D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.
解析：
选A 写作意图题。
根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
B
StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银台）．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,_plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
Amongthebagmakers’arguments：
manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.
Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：
reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.
Environmentalistsdon’tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。
文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
24．WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?
A．Helpincreasegrocerysales.
B．Recyclethewastematerial.
C．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.
D．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.
解析：
选D 细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句“plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像StevenStein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有坏处，故选D项。
25．Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?
A．Bansonplasticbags.
B．Effectsofcitydevelopment.
C．Headachescausedbygarbage.
D．Plasticbagshungintrees.
解析：
选A 词义猜测题。
根据画线词前的“these”可知，此处指代上一句内容“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin...”即在大约90个城市都禁止使用塑料袋，由此可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。
26．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?
A．Theyarequiteexpensive.
B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.
C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.
D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.
解析：
选D 细节理解题。
根据第四段倒数第二句“However,longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要更多的能源，故选D项。
27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A．Plastic,PaperorNeither
B．Industry,PollutionandEnvironment
C．RecycleorThrowAway
D．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl
解析：
选A 标题归纳题。
本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：
塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。
故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。
C
Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.
ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:
theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandaneverendinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.
In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarmbasedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.
ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.
Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.
Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。
汽车给美国人民带来了便利，把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成一个工业大国，汽车成为美国社会的一个文化符号。
但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。
28．Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?
A．ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.
B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.
C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.
D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.
解析：
选B 推理判断题。
根据第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。
由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。
所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。
故选B项。
29．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?
A．Declineofeconomy.
B．Environmentalproblems.
C．Ashortageofoilsupply.
D．Afarmbasedsociety.
解析：
选B 细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。
故选B项。
30．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful.D．Tolerant.
解析：
选C 观点态度题。
根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。
由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。
故选C项。
阅读理解真题检测
（二） 2017年11月浙江高考
A
WhenIwasinfourthgrade,Iworkedpart timeasapaperboy.Mrs.Stanleywasoneofmycustomers.She’dwatchmecomingdownherstreet,andbythetimeI’dbikeduptoherdoorstep,there’dbeacolddrinkwaiting.I’dsitanddrinkwhileshetalked.
Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,“Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning，”she’dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda（汽水）wentupmynose.
ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshewasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,andmaybeshe’dwork_it_out_of_her_system.Sothat’swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery（墓地）．
Ifinallyquitdeliveringnewspapersanddidn’tseeMrs.Stanleyforseveralyears.Thenwecrossedpathsatachurchfund raiser（募捐活动）.Sh
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