本科第四册第三单元Section A 详解.docx

本科第四册第三单元Section A 详解.docx

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本科第四册第三单元SectionA详解

UnitThreeLongingforaNewWelfareSystem

ContentoftheSectionA:

ThisarticledescribedthewelfaresystemoftheUnitedStates,expressedthewishesoftheauthor’slongingforanewwelfaresystem.Byhispersonalexperiences,theauthorrealisticallyreflectedthedemeritofthecurrentwelfaresystemandproposedhisimprovingsuggestion.

Thepassageexplorestheproblemsofthepresentwelfaresystemandexpressesthedesiretohaveanewsystem.Atthebeginningofthepassagetheauthorshowshowpeoplebehaveunderthepresentwelfaresystem;inthebodytheseproblemsofthepresentwelfaresystemarevividlyintroduced;intheendofthepassagetheauthortellsuswhatshouldberequiredofthenewsystem.Anewsystemissuggestedtoencouragewelfareclientstodeveloptheirtalentswithoutguiltorfear.

ThereasonswhytheaverageageofChineseandworldpopulationreachedsuchaboomis:

Theprogressinmedicine,transportationandcommunication

Whatisthewelfaresystem?

Welfareistheprovisionofaminimallevelofwell-beingandsocialsupportforallcitizens,sometimesreferredtoaspublicaid.Inmostdevelopedcountrieswelfareislargelyprovidedbythegovernment,andtoalesserextent,charities,informalsocialgroups,religiousgroups,andinter-governmentalorganizations.

DetailedExplanationofthePassage:

1）thedifferenceoflongforandlongtodo:

Longfor:

渴望…，followedbynoun.

Longtodo:

渴望做。

。

。

。

事情

e.g.PolicymakersofChinamaylongformoredecisive（indecisive）action.

ShelongstovisitRiodeJaneiro

（Latinlanguage:

alanguageusedinreligioussites,botanyandpharmacy（b.i.d.,t.i.d.,q.i.d.）Italianopera,LatinAmericaiscalledsobecausecentralAmericanspeakSpanishandSouthAmericanspeakPortugese,whichbelongedtoLatinLinguisticSystem）

2）Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat:

Peoplebelievedthatawelfareclientcheatsthepublicwelfaresystem

client[countable]

someonewhogetsservicesoradvicefromaprofessionalperson,company,ororganization[=customer]:

ameetingwithanimportantclient

Besupposedto:

begenerallybelievedorexpectedtobeordosth

e.g.Ihaven’tseenthemovie,butit’ssupposedtobeagreatmovie.

She’ssupposedtohavehad100pairsofshoes

3）Facedwithsharingadinnerofrawpetfoodwiththecat,manypeopleinwheelchairsIknowbleedthesystemforafewextradollars.我认识的许多坐轮椅的人只要是面临着与宠物猫分吃的窘境，都会多榨取福利机构几美元

Meaning：

Whentheyhavetoshareuncookedpetfoodwiththecat,manyofthepeopleinwheelchairslieabouttheirstateoflifeinordertogetextramoneyfromthewelfaregivers.

Befacedwith:

pastparticipleasadverbial,=confront

e.g.:

Hewasfacedwiththedilemmaofwhetherornottoreturntohisnativecountry.

Raw:

adj.notprocessed,treated.Uncooked（反义词：

ripe）：

e.g.rawbeef生牛肉，rawmaterial原材料（原始：

primitive,原油：

crudeoil）

Bleed:

v.ofbloodrunningout;makesomeoneanunreasonableamountofmoney

e.g.Hisbossisbleedinghimforeverypennyhehas他的老板要榨干他身上的每一分钱。

4）pension:

anamountofmoneypaidregularlybythegovernmentorcompanytosomeonewhodoesnotworkanymore,forexamplebecausetheyhavereachedtheagewhenpeoplestopworkingorbecausetheyareill

比较：

allowance津贴，零花钱；

5）caseworker:

6）Ihaveoptedtolivealifeofacompletelyhonesty.So,instead,Igooutanddrumupsomebusinessanddrawcartoons:

我则选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此，我不会那样做，而是四处找活干，揽些画漫画的活儿

Meaning:

Ihavechosentoliveacompletelyhonestylife,soIdon’tlietogetextrawelfaremoney,butgooutandtryhardtogetsomebusinessanddrawcartoons

Optto+v:

makeachoice

e.g.WhenhegraduatedfromEastChinaUniversityofTechnology（华东理工大学）,heoptedtogotoUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina（中国科技大学）tostudyforapostgraduate（undergraduate）,ratherthangettingajobstraightaway.从华东理工大学毕业后他选择去中国科技大学读硕士，而不是直接工作

Manystudentsopttofurthertheirstudy许多学生选择继续深造

Drumup:

getsomethingbyaskingalotofpeopleforhelporsupport:

e.g.Hehadflowntothesouthtodrumupsupportforhiscampaign他飞到南方为竞选争取支持

7）Oh,I’mtemptedtogetpaidunderthetable:

哦，私下里领一笔钱当然对我也挺有吸引力

无论是动词（tempt）还是名词（temptation）,其后都要跟to

Temptation；adesiretodoorhavesomething,especiallysththatisbadforyou

e.g.Youwillhavetofightoff（resist）thetemptation你要抵制住这种诱惑

Iresistedthetemptationtosmokeacigarette

Lifeinabigcityhassomanytemptation大城市的生活有很多诱惑

Anexpensivebicycleisatemptationtothieves

Underthetable:

inasecretway:

Someofficialsacceptedmoneyunderthetable某些官员私下里收钱

Thewholetransactionwasdoneunderthetable

8）ButevenifIyieldtothattemptation,bigmagazines（Fortune,Times,Forbes,Readers’Digest）arenotgoingtogetinvolvedinsomestickysituation:

但即使我抵制不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会给自己去惹麻烦

Meaning：

ButevenifIgaveintothattemptationandwantedtobepaidwithoutbeingknowntocaseworkers,bigmagazinesIamworkingforwon’tagreetogetthemselvesintotroublebytellingliesformysake

Yieldto:

①stopresisting,givein

e.g.Iyieldedtoanimpulse凭一时的冲动行事

Thegovernmentrefusedtoyieldtothehostagetaker’sdemand政府拒绝答应人质挟持者的要求

②bereplacedbysomething

Oldfashionedmethodsyieldedtonewtechnology

Radioisyieldingtomobilephone

9）Veryhigh-profile:

high-profile[onlybeforenoun]

attractingalotofpublicattention,usuallydeliberately[≠lowprofile]:

ahigh-profilepublicfigure

Meaning：

ThebigmagazineshonestlyreporttothewelfarecaseworkerstheamountofmoneyImake,whichattractsalotofattention

:

Pleasenotethesarcastictoneofthewriter.Whenwerefertosomeoneasahigh-profilepersonorsomethingasaprofileevent,wemeantheyattractalotofattentionorpublicity

10.Deepdown,caseworkersknowthattheyarebeingmadefoolsofbymanyoftheirclients,andtheyfeelthattheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothemascompensation:

Meaning:

Intheirtruefeelings,caseworkersknowthattheirclientsarefoolingthemforextramoney,inreturn,theyfeelhavetherighttogetthesewelfareclientstobowtothem

Deepdown:

inone’struefeelings从心底里

e.g.Deepdown,shesupportedherhusband’sinvolvementintheorganization她从心底里是支持自己的丈夫加入这个组织的

makeafoolofsomebody:

tricksomeoneormakethemappearstupidinsomeway愚弄

e.g.Shehadmadeafoolofhimandhewouldn’tletthatgo她已经愚弄了他，他不会就这么算了

比较：

makeafoolofoneself出洋相：

behaveinawaythatmakesotherpeoplethinkthatoneissilly

e.g.Shewasdrinkingandmakingafoolofherself她喝酒时出尽了洋相

c.f.（参看）：

titlen.标题

entitle:

v给。

。

。

。

起题目为…….

entitledadj题目为。

。

。

。

。

的文章

subtitlen.副标题，小标题

e.g.

Haveyoureadthearticle__________‘TheKremulinanditsNewMaster’?

（entitled）

Hefelthardto________hisessay（entitle）

Ourprofessoraskedusto________ouressayas‘China’sTourismanditsProspect’（entitle）

Shelikesreadingnewspapersindetail,evenincluding________andadvertisement（subtitles）

Haveyounoticed_______inheadlinestoday?

（titles）

beentitledtodosth:

（passivevoice）有权做。

。

。

事。

。

。

。

（activevoice:

entitlesbtodosth赋予。

。

。

。

人做。

。

。

。

事。

。

。

的权利）

e.g.Blake,theformerofficialoftheMI5,wasentitledtoreceiveroyaltiesfromhismemoir英国国防部军情五处前官员布雷克有权获得他的自传的版权

11）Iamnotbeingbitter:

Iamnotfeelingangryonpurpose我不是故意感到愤愤不平

：

Notethatthestructure“bebeing+adj/n”isusedtotalkaboutactionandbehavior:

e.g.Youarebeingstupid（=Youaredoingstupidthings）

Iwasbeingverycareful（=Iwasdoingsthverycarefully）

12）Mostcaseworkersbeginascollege-educatedliberalswithhighidea:

大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有很高的理想，而且思想开明

Meaning:

mostcaseworkerswhohavereceivedacollegeeducationrespectdifferentbeliefsofbehaviorandhavegreatspiritualpursuitwhentheyfirststarttheirwork

Liberal:

n.someonewhoacceptsdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehaving

e.g.Thoughthewomanbelievedthatshewasaliberal,shewasactuallyaconservative她以为自己是个开明的人，实际上她很保守

adj.willingtoacceptdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehaving（theadjectiveformofliberty）

e.g.Hisparentsareveryliberalandallowheralotoffreedom她的父母很开明，让她拥有很多自由

highideals:

ideasaboutpersonalbehaviorbasedonthebeliefthatpeopleshouldalwaysbehaveinanhonestandmorallygoodway崇高理想

e.g.Itwasthepriceonehadtopayforpursuinghighideals这是为追求崇高理想而付出的代价

Hewashighideals,butoftenfailstoliveuptothem他有崇高的行为原则，但往往做不到

13）Thiswasmycuetobeg:

thiswasasignalformetoaskforforgiveness

cue[countable]:

anactionoreventthatisasignalforsomethingelsetohappen

cuefor

Oursuccesswasthecueforothercompaniestopressaheadwithnewinvestment.

somebody'scuetodosomething

Ithinkthat'smycuetoexplainwhyI'mhere.

14）Suzannetriedtolecturemeaboutrepairstomywheelchair:

Lecturesb:

givesbalesson,从aboutrepairstomywheelchair可以看出，本来应该用动词（Irepairedmywheelchair）,多用名词可以增加文章的难度，这种方法要多借鉴。

15）Iamaactiveworker,notavegetable（植物人）

Vegetableheremeansabraindamagedpersonorapersoncannotmoveorthink,notmeansplantsthatyoucanplant,harvest,cookandeat

Shealwayscomeshomelate

Sheisalwayscominghomelate

Theinfantalwayscriesatmidnight

Theinfantisalwayscryingatmidnight

16）cutin:

tointerruptwhatsomeoneissayingbysayingsomethingyourself:

e.g.IwasjusttalkingtoJan,whenDavecutin（onus/ourconversation）.Hereitsmeaningistoreduce,slowdown

17）notify:

totellsomeoneofficiallyaboutsomething:

Theschoolisrequiredtonotifyparentsiftheirchildrenfailtocometoschool.

Haseveryonebeennotifiedofthedecision?

[+that]Wenotifie