英语专业论文Transmission of cultural factors in EC interpretation.docx

英语专业论文Transmission of cultural factors in EC interpretation.docx

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英语专业论文TransmissionofculturalfactorsinECinterpretation

Abstract:

E-CinterpretationisakindofcommunicativebehaviorinwhichinformationinEnglishisconvertedintoChinesebyoralexpressions.AmongthefactorsinE-Cinterpretation,themostimportantoneisculturalfactor.Differentculturalbackgroundsdeterminetheformofexpression.So,duringE-Cinterpretation,theinterpretershouldhavetopassontheculturalconnotationtothelistenersbyexplanationorconversion.Thisarticleaimstoexploretheconnotations,techniquesaswellasitsimportanceoftransmissionforculturalfactorsinE-Cinterpretation.

Keywords:

E-Cinterpretation;culturalfactors;transmission;culturalbackground

摘要

英汉口译是通过口头表达,将信息由英语转换成汉语的语言交际行为。

英汉口译所涉及的因素颇多,其中文化因素的传达尤为重要。

不同的文化背景决定了语言的表达方式,因此,译者在口译过程中要采取转换、解释等技巧将文化内涵传达给听众。

本文主要探讨口译过程中文化因素传达的内涵、技巧及意义。

关键词:

英汉口译;文化因素;传达;文化背景

1.Introduction

2.Thetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactors

2.1Thetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactors

2.1.1Tobeaninterpreter,whatheorsheshouldconveyinE-Cinterpretation?

2.2.2Therequirementsofculturalfactortransmission

（1）.toconveytherealmeaningofculture

（2）.totransmittheattributesofculture

（3）topassontheconnotationofculture

3.Thetechniquesofculturalfactors’transmission

3.1EquivalenceinE-Cinterpretation

3.2.ExplanationinE-Cinterpretation

4.Thecauseswhichinfluencetheculturalfactors’transmission

4.1.Culturalbackgrounds

4.2.Thequalitiesofaninterpreter

5.TheimportanceoftransmissionforculturalfactorsinE-Cinterpretation

6.Conclusion

References

　1.Introduction

　　ItgoeswithoutsayingthatbothEnglishandChineselanguagesareendowedwithprofoundculture.Languageisanimportantcarrierofculture.DifferentLanguagesreflectdifferentcultures.What’slanguage?

“Inthebroadestsense,languageisthesymbolicrepresentationofapeople,anditcomprisestheirhistoricalandculturalbackgroundsaswellastheirapproachtolifeandtheirwaysoflivingandthinking”Andwhataboutculture?

Accordingtothedefinitionsofsociologistsandanthropologists,theterm“Culture”referstothetotalpatternofbeliefs,customs,institutions,objects,andtechniquesthatcharacterizethelifeofahumancommunity.（DengYanchang,LiuRenqing,1989）.Languageisaveryspecialcomponentofculture.Asasymbolicsystemofhumancommunication,languageispartoftheconventionalculture.Mostofthelanguagesarecontainedwithintheircultures,andasociety’slanguageisanaspectofitsculture.Thereisadialecticalrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Everylanguageispartofacultureandeverycultureispartofalanguage.Assuch,languagecan’tbutserveandreflectculturalneeds.Thetwoareintricatelyinterwovensuchthatonecannotseparatethetwowithoutlosingthesignificanceofeitherlanguageorculture.Thus,therelationoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.Cultureisreallyanintegralpartoftheinteractionbetweenlanguageandthought.Culturalpatterns,customs,andwaysoflifeareexpressedinlanguage.Forexample,Eskimotribescommonlyhaveasmanyassevendifferentwordsforsnowtodistinguishamongdifferenttypesofsnow.InAfricanculturesoftheequatorialforests,thereisnowordatallforsnow.

　　Weshallnotgofurtherintotherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Whatneedstobestressedhereisthatthetwointeract,andthatunderstandingofonerequiresunderstandingoftheother.

　　Whatwecall“culturalfactor”referstobeliefs,customs,socialsystems,institutions,objects,techniques,waysofthinking,familypatterns,etcthatcomprisetheculture.Thecriteriaofinterpretationdiffersfrompersontoperson,which,ingeneralsense,arequickness,exactnessandfluency.E-Cinterpretationcoversbroadcontentsinwhichthetransmissionofculturalfactorisnotonlyimportantbutalsocan’tbeignored.

2.Thetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactors

　　Justaswementionedabove,culturalfactorsrefertobeliefs,customs,socialsystems,institutions,objects,techniques,waysofthinking,familypatterns,etcthatcomprisetheculture.So,it’sobviousthatthetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactorsistopassonwhatcomprisetheculturestemmedfromtheEnglish-speakingcountriestothelistenersinE-Cinterpretation.

　　ItgoeswithoutsayingthatbothEnglishandChineselanguagesareendowedwithprofoundculture.Languageisanimportantcarrierofculture.DifferentLanguagesreflectdifferentcultures.What’slanguage?

“Inthebroadestsense,languageisthesymbolicrepresentationofapeople,anditcomprisestheirhistoricalandculturalbackgroundsaswellastheirapproachtolifeandtheirwaysoflivingandthinking”Andwhataboutculture?

Accordingtothedefinitionsofsociologistsandanthropologists,theterm“Culture”referstothetotalpatternofbeliefs,customs,institutions,objects,andtechniquesthatcharacterizethelifeofahumancommunity.（DengYanchang,LiuRenqing,1989）.Languageisaveryspecialcomponentofculture.Asasymbolicsystemofhumancommunication,languageispartoftheconventionalculture.Mostofthelanguagesarecontainedwithintheircultures,andasociety’slanguageisanaspectofitsculture.Thereisadialecticalrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Everylanguageispartofacultureandeverycultureispartofalanguage.Assuch,languagecan’tbutserveandreflectculturalneeds.Thetwoareintricatelyinterwovensuchthatonecannotseparatethetwowithoutlosingthesignificanceofeitherlanguageorculture.Thus,therelationoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.Cultureisreallyanintegralpartoftheinteractionbetweenlanguageandthought.Culturalpatterns,customs,andwaysoflifeareexpressedinlanguage.Forexample,Eskimotribescommonlyhaveasmanyassevendifferentwordsforsnowtodistinguishamongdifferenttypesofsnow.InAfricanculturesoftheequatorialforests,thereisnowordatallforsnow.

　　Weshallnotgofurtherintotherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Whatneedstobestressedhereisthatthetwointeract,andthatunderstandingofonerequiresunderstandingoftheother.

　　Whatwecall“culturalfactor”referstobeliefs,customs,socialsystems,institutions,objects,techniques,waysofthinking,familypatterns,etcthatcomprisetheculture.Thecriteriaofinterpretationdiffersfrompersontoperson,which,ingeneralsense,arequickness,exactnessandfluency.E-Cinterpretationcoversbroadcontentsinwhichthetransmissionofculturalfactorisnotonlyimportantbutalsocan’tbeignored.

2.1Thetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactors

Justaswementionedabove,culturalfactorsrefertobeliefs,customs,socialsystems,institutions,objects,techniques,waysofthinking,familypatterns,etcthatcomprisetheculture.So,it’sobviousthatthetransmissionoftheconnotationofculturalfactorsistopassonwhatcomprisetheculturestemmedfromtheEnglish-speakingcountriestothelistenersinE-Cinterpretation.

2.1.1Tobeaninterpreter,whatheorsheshouldconveyinE-Cinterpretation?

Maybesomeonewouldsay“I’llinterpretwhatheorshesays”Theanswertotheabovequestionmayberightorwrong.Forexample,aforeignersays“Howabouthavingsuppertogethertonight?

GoDutch.”Ifitisinterpretedas:

“今晚一起吃饭如何?

去荷兰,”theChineselistenersmightthinkthatyouwouldinvitehimorhertohavesupperinDutchorinacertainrestaurantnamedDutch.Here“GoDutch”means“payyourbillyourself‘not’tohavedinnerinDutchoraDutchRestaurant.”Theexamplereflectsonekindofcharacteristicsofculture.Onthecontrary,ifsomeoneinChinainvitesyoutohavedinnerwithhimorher,he/shewillpaythebill.Thisphenomenoniscalledculturaldifference.ThereareplentyofexamplestoshowtheculturaldifferencebetweenEnglishandChinese.Chinesehasacomplexsystemofkinshipterms.Itdistinguishes“外甥、侄子、堂兄、表兄、姑母、姨母、姑夫、舅父、姨夫、外祖母、外祖父”,WhileinEnglishtherearenocounterparts.ThisisbecausetheChinesearemoreparticularabouttheserelationdistinctionswhiletheEnglishpeopledonotneedtomakethesedistinctionssooften.Therefore,aninterpreterhastopassprofoundknowledgeabouttheculturalconnotationofEnglish-speakingcountries.Inthiswayandonlyinthisway,heorshecanconveytheculturalconnotationinE-Cinterpretation.Thisisthemainpointofculturalfactortransmission.

　　2.2.2Therequirementsofculturalfactortransmission

　　Theinterpretershouldhavetointerpretnotonlywhatthespeakersaysbutalsowhatheorshereallymeans.Culturesdifferfromoneanother,andeachcultureisunique.Languageisinfluencedandshapedbycultureanditreflectsculture.Differentlanguagebackgroundsdeterminetheformoflanguageexpression.Forinstance,“ItwasGreektome”inoneofShakespeare’splays“JuliusCaesar”means“Iknownothingaboutit.”Itmeans“一窍不通”inChinese.Sotherequirementsofculturalfactortransmission,inmyopinion,are:

　　1）.toconveytherealmeaningofculture

　　SomephrasesandsentencesinEnglishhaveinnermeaning.It’sdifficultforourChineseinterpreterstograsp.Whatwemustdoistoputacrossthemeaning（noteveryindividualwordinthegivenphrasesorsentences）inthelightofthecontext.Forexample:

　　“It’sverykindofyou”→“您太客气了”

　　“Thatwon’tbetheendoftheworld”→“天塌不下来”

　　“Heisbraverthanwise”→“他有勇无谋”

　　“Takecarehowyoudoso”→“千万别这样做”

　　“Pullsb’slegs”→“嘲弄某人”

　　Similarly,ininterpretingthisEnglishsentence,“Thispieceofinformationhas